Georgia Mason
georgia masonAs a child, I loved animals and was addicted to the books of Gerald Durrell, James Herriot and David Attenborough. In my teens, this merged with a passion for biological science -- fuelling the uncertain feeling that I should probably be a veterinarian. However, once a pre-clinical veterinary student at Cambridge (vet. med. is an undergraduate degree in the UK), six terms of anatomy and pharmacology, and two summers spent squeezing dogs’ anal glands and castrating piglets, were enough for me! I switched to Zoology – and have never looked back. Learning about animal behaviour and evolution, and about how research is conducted, was a revelation and a joy. I was particularly fascinated (and disturbed) by one contrast between what I was being taught and what I saw happening in zoos. Wild animals should use their time and energy efficiently, according to Optimal Foraging Theory – and yet in captivity they often spend hours pacing, rocking, or plucking their fur out. So began my lifelong interest in stereotypic behaviour (first pursued in a Ph.D. supervised by Professor Pat Bateson at the Sub-department of Animal Behavour, Madingley), and my broader interests in animals’ motivations to perform natural behaviours, the impact that captive environments can have on brain function, and the objective assessment of animal welfare. After 10 years of the calm and sanity of Cambridge (especially Clare and Darwin Colleges), I spent 10 years in the crazy hothouse of the Zoology Dept., Oxford. I moved to Guelph in 2004, where I live in an eccentric 1960’s house (fondly nick-named ‘The Money Pit’) with ecologist Jonathan Newman; teenage step-son and skate-boarder supreme, Griffin; and two middle-aged and rather spoiled cats, Mouse and Sophie.

Download Georgia's CV (PDF)

Post-Doctoral Researchers
photo of anne-lene hovlandDr. Anne-Lene Hovland
Anne Lene is based in Ås (near Oslo, Norway) where she works as a post-doc in the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB). She started her education in animal husbandry with an MSc at the UMB Dept. of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences in 1988, where her interest in animal behaviour was first triggered. She supplemented this with a second MSc in behavioural ecology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Trondheim), with a focus on human behaviour, before returning to Ås in 1995 to work as a research assistant and lecturer.  She completed a PhD on measuring social motivation in farmed silver foxes, co-supervised by Georgia and Morten Bakken, again in the UMB Dept. of Animal and Aquaqultural Sciences. She then worked for a year as a research advisor at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, in Oslo, before returning once again to (you guessed it) UMB to take up her current post-doctoral position. This is co-funded by the Norwegian Fur Breeders Association, and  further explores the social motivation of farmed foxes (see ‘What we do’). She also supervises several MSc projects on dog and fox behaviour --  juggling all of this with family life!
Naomi Latham

Dr. Naomi Latham
Naomi wanted to work with animals since she was very young, initially planning to be a vet. However, she became interested in why animals behave as they do, and so did a degree in Zoology instead, at Nottingham University. There she worked on some research projects that fed her interests further (looking at the diet of Egyptian spiny mice in the Sinai desert, and the behaviour of surprisingly fast-moving giant tortoises in the Seychelles). After graduating she spent two years working in IT, but her heart still lay with studying animal behaviour.  When she came across information about Georgia Mason’s group at Oxford – especially their study of stereotypies – she was intrigued.  Like many, she had often seen stereotypies (in zoo animals, and her pet hamsters), but had never realised the complex processes that underlie their performance.  She won a UFAW Research Training Scholarship, to fund her Ph.D. with Georgia, working on ‘bar-mouthing’ and other stereotypies in laboratory mice. She is now juggling a post-doc. at Oxford University (see ‘What we do’) with looking after two small children and writing up papers from her Ph.D. In the future she hopes to assess and improve other aspects of laboratory animals’ lives, such as unnatural social groupings, behavioural restriction, and pain following invasive procedures. 

Aside from her publications with Georgia (see Publications), Naomi has three book chapters in
press:

  1. Latham, N. (in press) Brief Introduction to Welfare Assessment: A 'Toolbox' of Techniques. In: UFAW Handbook of Laboratory Animal Management (edited by R. Hubrecht)
  2. Würbel, H., Burn, C. and Latham N. (in press) The Behaviour of (Laboratory) Mice and Rats, in a forthcoming CABI volume edited by P. Jensen.
  3. Latham, N. (in press) The Mouse, in a volume on 'exotic pet behaviour' edited by V. Tyne).

Dr. Lee Neil - Honorary Group member
Lee is an NSERC post-doctoral fellow based at the University of Toronto at Mississauga. She moved to Ontario after a completing an animal welfare PhD with Professor Dan Weary at UBC. Lee co-teaches ANSC*4090, Applied Animal Behaviour, with Georgia (see ‘Courses taught’), and also comes to our group meetings whenever she can. Lee Neil's Publication list.


Ph.D. Students

Kathrine Akre
akreKathrine was born in Fredrikstad, Norway and now lives in Oslo. Ever since she was little, Kathrine had a desire to work with and for animals, so it was no surprise that she chose to take an M.Sc. in Ethology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. During her M.Sc. she studied mate preferences in the guppy Poecilia reticulata, with the emphasis on inbreeding and outbreeding. This made Kathrine certain that she enjoyed studying animal behaviour, and in January 2007 she started a PhD at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. This PhD project, on which Georgia is a co-supervisor along with Dr. Morten Bakken, is part of the project “Social motivation and social housing of farmed silver fox vixens in relation to group size, group composition and cage design: Consequences for behaviour, welfare and reproduction” (see ‘What we do’) led by Dr. Anne Lene Hovland (see above).  

maria leon diezMaria Díez León
María comes from Spain and ever since she can remember, she’s been fascinated by carnivores and by the study of behaviour.  Her first degree was in Biology at the University of Navarra, in northern Spain, and she then took the Masters in Applied Animal Behaviour and Animal Welfare at the University of Edinburgh (which caused some interesting conversations at home, her father being a big fan of bull-fighting…). Here, she experienced research for the first time: she travelled to the Foulum research station in Denmark to study stereotypic behaviour in fur farmed mink, being supervised by e-mail by Georgia. She tested the idea that stereotypies are harder to interrupt than normal behaviour patterns, using the bizarre but effective technique of shooting at unsuspecting animals with a water-pistol. She graduated with a sure aim, and bitten by the research bug: wanting more, she won herself a Ph.D. scholarship from the Basque Government, and came to Guelph in September 2005. For her Ph.D., she is studying how housing conditions affect carnivore behaviour and brain function and the potential implications of this for projects aiming to re-introduce captive carnivores in the wild. Since arriving in Canada, she has also learnt a surprising amount about ice-hockey.
megan jones

Megan Jones
Megan lives in Johannesburg, South Africa.  Her early postgraduate research in Zoology and Psychology was primate based, and investigated foraging behaviour in zoo captive baboons, the consequences of environmental restriction on abnormal behaviour in chimpanzees, and the effect of enrichment on zoo-visitor perception of baboon and chimpanzee welfare. In 2005 Megs enrolled for her PhD at the University of the Witwatersrand under Prof. Neville Pillay and, in 2006, Georgia was “coerced” (though she claims she is happy about this) into co-supervising her project.  Her thesis investigates how the early environment, in combination with individual differences in personality, predisposes or protects animals from developing stereotypy (see “What We Do” section).  In her spare time, Megan rides her (stereotypic!) horse, repetitively and invariantly falls off her mountain bike, prevents her mice from enriching her cats, and is walked and trained in agility by her three rambunctious Labradors and one manic Golden Retriever puppy. 

Aside from her publications with Georgia (see Publications), Megan has two publications:

  1. Jones, M., van Lierop, M., Pillay, N., 2008. All a mother's fault? Transmission of stereotypy in striped mice Rhabdomys. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 115, 82-89.
  2. Jones, M. & Pillay, N. (2004). Foraging in captive hamadryas baboons: implications for enrichment. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 88, 101-110.
becky meagherBecky Meagher
Becky grew up in Kitchener, Ontario, in a house that unfortunately contained no animals except her three brothers. She found other ways to have animals in her life, however, such as befriending all of the neighbourhood dogs, and working with horses as a volunteer for the Central Ontario Developmental Riding Program. She completed her B.Sc. (Hons) at the University of Toronto, where she specialized in Animal Behaviour (Zoology) with a minor in Psychology. She became fascinated by the prospect of applying science to animal welfare issues. This brought her to Guelph for a Masters program, and she has since extended this into a PhD, to continue investigating the welfare of non-stereotypic individuals within populations where stereotypic behaviour is prevalent. She has won both an Ontario Graduate Scholarship and NSERC post-graduate funding, and her first paper was recently accepted by Applied Animal Behaviour Science – a sole-authored review about the application, usefulness and validation of subjective assessment and scoring techniques in animal welfare research (e.g. gait-scoring, nest quality assessment, etc).

M.Sc. Students
allison bechardAllison Bechard
Originally from the States, Allison moved to Canada where she graduated B.Sc. (Hons) in Zoology & Psychology from the University of Toronto in 2002. Following this, she started work as an animal health/research technician in the neurobiology laboratory of Dr. John Roder (Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto).  Her enthusiasm in this research environment, where she had the opportunity to behaviorally characterize mutant mice with the goal of developing new models of human disease, has contributed to six published papers and the discovery of a new candidate gene involved in learning and memory. However, a keen interest in understanding animal behaviour as a means to ensure and promote animal welfare brought her to the University of Guelph in the fall of 2006 to begin her M.Sc. with Georgia. Winning an Animal Welfare Institute project grant and then an Ontario Graduate Scholarship for this work, she used the behavioural testing skills she acquired in her old lab to assess how the husbandry of laboratory mice affects adult levels of anxiety. Allison has an impressive set of publications from her former employment (for papers with Georgia see ‘Publication list’).

  1. Young EJ, Lipina TL, Tam E, Bechard AR, Mandel A, Chambers J, Fletcher P, Mount H, Clapcote SJ, Roder JC, and Osborne LR. (2008). Reduced fear and aggression and altered serotonin metabolism in Gtf2ird1 transcription factor-targeted mice. Genes, Brain, Behavior 7(2):224-34
  2. Perez GI, Jurisicova A, Wisa L, Lipina T, Kanisek M, Bechard A. Takai Y, Hunt P, Roder J, Grynpas M, Tilly JL. (2007). Absence of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein extends fertility and alleviates post-menopausal health complications in aging females.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(12):5229-34.
  3. Clapcote SJ, Lazar NL, Bechard AR, Wood GA, & Roder JC. (2005). NIH Swiss and Black Swiss mice have retinal degeneration and performance deficits in cognitive tests. Comparative Medicine 55(4):310-6.
  4. Clapcote SJ, Lazar N, Bechard A, & Roder, JC. (2005). Effects of the rd1 mutation and host strain on hippocampal learning in mice.  Behavioral Genetics 35(5):591-601.
  5. Abramow-Newerly W, Lipina T, Abramow-Newerly M, Kim D, Bechard AR, Xie G, Clapcote SJ, Roder JC.  (2006). Methods to rapidly and accurately screen a large number of ENU mutagenized mice for abnormal motor phenotypes.  Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders 7(2):112-8.

Jamie Dallaire
photo of Jamie DallaireJamie grew up in Trois-Rivières, Quebec and learned to enjoy nature as a boy scout. His long-standing fascination with primates pushed him to pursue studies in biology, obtaining his B.Sc. from McGill University, in Montreal, with a particular focus on behaviour and ecology. That said, his only experience with primates thus far comes from centrifuging howler dung, but he did work with chipmunks, weakly electric fish, and high school math students for a while. Considering he wanted to do something “useful”, he was delighted when he discovered that there are actually people who study animal welfare. So, he decided to become one of them. Jamie won an NSERC PGS-M scholarship, and started his Master’s degree here in Guelph in September of 2008. He will be investigating what it is about certain individuals from impoverished captive environments that lets them recover quite well in rehabilitation programs using environmental enrichment, while other individuals fare very poorly. To answer these questions, he’ll be looking at attempts to eliminate stereotypic behaviour in Asiatic black bears rescued from bile farms and/or in mink raised on experimental farms.

Ken Yau
photo of Ken YauKen was born in North York and raised in possibly every area of Toronto. He grew up in a family with a strong interest and influence in the arts, and they were certain he would do the same. However, determined to take a different route, he became  interested in becoming a veterinarian and volunteered most of his summers in local clinics. In pursuit of being a vet, he finished a BSc. (Hons) in Animal Biology at the University of Guelph -- but along the way he was side-tracked and became increasingly fascinated by animal welfare, and the issues still prevalent even in such developed countries like Canada. This led to a project with Georgia exploring the development of stereotypic behaviour. He worked as a research assistant, spending the summer of 2008 in Michigan observing mink in enriched “palaces” (designed and created by Maria Díez León) and assessing individual differences in how they utilize the enrichments given to them. This made him the latest addition to the Mink Watchers team -- one forever jinxing Georgia’s research students as they try to cross the US border (for some mysterious reason, Ken seems to be on a ‘watch list’ and sets off alarms each time he tries to enter America). Ken will start an MSc. with Georgia in Jan. 2009.


Research Assistants
photo of ryan clarkeRyan Clarke
Ryan grew up in Wheatley, Ontario, a small fishing community on the shores of Lake Eire. When he was younger he was, and still is, very interested in computers and how they worked. This eventually turned into passion for engineering and control systems. This passion lead him to the University of Guelph where he is in his final year of Systems and Computing Engineering. This past summer Ryan worked with Dr. Areibi investigating power consumption of different reconfigurable architectures operating on FPGA’s (NB. No-one in Georgia’s group has a clue what this last sentence means!) Ryan is now working with Dr. Mason on a control system for an apparatus to studying mink perseveration (see Maria Diez Leon’s project) and cognitive bias (see Becky Meagher’s project).  

photo of Heather SmaleHeather Smale
Heather majored in Animal Biology at the University of Guelph, and just finished her undergraduate degree in December, 2008. She worked as a summer student for Georgia and Maria in 2006 and 2007, and soon became utterly indispensible, not least for her abilities to watch hours and hours of videos of mink mothers licking their newly born kits (black mink in dark nestboxes) without going crazy. Currently she is helping collect activity data on a local mink farm for Becky’s project. Heather spends her free time working with horses, or playing music (she was a music minor). Ultimately, her goal is to enter vet school and pursue a career as a large/production animal vet, hopefully specializing in cardiology…. or maybe a do Masters in Behaviour and Welfare...or perhaps (probably) both. Heather also loves sunsets, long walks on the beach and poking dead things with a stick.

photo of sylvia villegasSylvia Villegas
Sylvia never thought she'd know so much about mink. When she came to the University of Guelph, she already had a diploma in Equine Studies from Kemptville College. She had extensive experience working on horse farms, and had studied operant conditioning and spent much time clicker-training her dog and horse.  A degree in Zoology, with a minor in Psychology, seemed like the right avenue for her keen interest in animal behaviour, cognition and learning. She ended up dissecting mink in a vertebrate anatomy lab in 2nd year, and peer helping in the same lab in 3rd year – but moved onto the live animal a year later. She conducted her undergraduate project under Georgia’s supervision, using habituation to a novel stimulus to investigate whether mink engaged in stereotypic behaviour are less attentive to external stimuli than they are when performing normal activities. Having now graduated, she is currently employed as an absolutely indispensible research assistant, mainly assisting María Díez Leon in an investigation of mink ‘perseveration’. With an eye on graduate studies in the future, perhaps she’s headed toward a career as a mink shrink? 

Future Arrivals
 

photo of Jeanette KroshkoJeanette Kroshko
A University of Toronto graduate, Jeanette was awarded an NSERC PGS-M in 2008. Georgia was lucky enough to attract her to her lab. for a collaborative project, co-supervised by Dr. Axel Moehrenschlager of the Calgary Zoological Society. She will start in April or May of 2009 – more details then. 


 
 
gmason @ uoguelph.ca | 519-824-4120, ext. 56804
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