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BIOL*3300 Applied Bioinformatics
UNDERGRADUATE/GRADUATEGraduate students must write two critical reviews of published papers. The first one is due before winter break. The second is due before the final exam. Graduate student presentations are separate from undergraduate presentations. Otherwise, the course is the same. New molecular genetic and information technologies have enabled biologists to produce and to access large and informative data sets. This course will provide an introductory understanding of the databases and methods used in computational molecular data analysis. Topics covered will include introducing the UNIX-related operating system, reviewing major molecular databases and their structures, constructing sequence alignments, constructing phylogenies, and finding motifs and genes in biological sequences. Lab sessions will include an introduction to Unix and Perl for the biologist and hands-on use of several molecular data analysis programs.
Instructor
TBA
Teaching Assistant
TBA
the following is for archival purposes representing past curriculum to give an example of the past course structure. Dates, times and locations are incorrect. Course content may change when the new lecturer is announced.
Time
Lectures: MWF 0830-0920, AXEL259 (2009)
Labs: (2009)
Tuesday, 9:30-11:20, SCIE1306
Tuesday 11:30- 1:20, SCIE1306
Objectives
Bioinformatics is an integral part of the biological sciences. The goal of this course is to
understand how fundamental methods in bioinformatics work and to understand how to
use them. We will focus on biological questions in current research, and students will
present papers to the class that utilize bioinformatics to address key and current
biological questions.
As much as possible, bioinformatics methods will be presented within the context of
application. The key areas of bioinformatics that we will cover are: database content,
access, and understanding; genetic and physical mapping; genome sequencing; pairwise
and multiple sequence alignment methods; sequence motif analysis methods; and
phylogenetics.
Textbooks
There is no textbook.
The class is primarily based on lecture notes and primary literature.
Lecture notes and papers will be available on Blackboard.
In addition, several supporting
texts are available for additional information.
I especially recommend Bioinformatics and
Molecular Evolution by Higgs and Attwood.
Other texts are:
- A Primer of Genome Science by Greg Gibson and Spencer Muse
- Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis by David Mount
- Biological Sequence Analysis by Richard Durbin, Sean Eddy, Anders Krogh, and Graeme Mitchison
- Bioinformatics edited by Andreas Baxevanis and B.F. Frances Ouellette
- Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills by Cynthia Gibas and Per Jambeck
- Elementary Sequence Analysis by Brian Golding and Dick Morton
- Molecular Evolution: a Phylogenetic Approach by Roderic Page
All texts (with the exception of Elementary Sequence Analysis) are on reserve at the
library. Elementary Sequence Analysis is available free of charge from Dr. Brian Golding
at McMaster University http://helix.biology.mcmaster.ca/courses.html
Grades
Marks will be determined by:
- Quizzes (3 quizzes, 45 points).
- Satisfactory completion of lab assignments (15 points)
- A class presentation (15 points: 10 points presentation and review; 3 points questions
answered; 2 points questions posed). All material is due within one week of presentation. - A cumulative final exam (25 points).
The final mark will be at least the number of marks earned. Except where noted, all work
handed in for a mark must be ones own. Please see U of G policy on academic integrity.
Initial Topics
Introduction and Overview of Topics
Case Study #1- Identifying key genes important in agriculture and evolution.
-
Key papers:
Yan et al. 2004. The Wheat VRN2 Gene is a flowering repressor downregulated by vernalization. Science 303:1640-1644.
Wang et al. 2005. The origin of the naked grains of maize. Nature 436:714- 719.
Key concepts:
Genetic mapping, physical mapping, searching Genbank, and understanding Genbank records.
Case Study #2- sRNA Part 1: miRNAs, a major new class of regulatory molecules.
-
Key papers:
Lee and Ambros. 2001. An extensive class of small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 294:862-864.
Lim et al. 2005. Microarray analysis shows that some miRNAs downregulate large numbers of target mRNAs. Nature 433:769-773.
Mello and Conte. 2004. Revealing the world of RNA interference. Nature 431:338-342. (an introduction to RNAi).
Rhoades et al. 2002. Prediction of plant microRNA targets. Cell 110: 513- 520.
Key concepts:
Searching for nucleotide homology. Introduction to microarrays.
Case Study #3- sRNA Part 2: siRNAs, methylation and the diversity of sRNA pathways.
-
Key papers:
Colot and Rossignol. 1999. Eukaryotic DNA methylation as an evolutionary device. BioEssays 21:402-411.
Lippman et al. 2004. Role of transposable elements in heterochromatin and epigenetic control. Nature 430:471-476.
Xie et al. 2004. Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA pathways in plants. PLOS Biology 294:0642-0652.
Zilberman et al. 2003. Argonaute4 control of locus-specific siRNA accumulation and DNA and histone modification. Science 299:716-719.
Key concepts:
Searching for amino acid homology. Multiple sequence alignment. Microarray data analysis.
Case Study #4: Criminal justice and molecular evolution.
-
Key papers:
Metzker et al. 2002. Molecular evidence of HIV-1 transmission in a criminal case. PNAS 99:14292-14297.
Oliveira et al. 2006. HIV-1 and HCV sequences from Libyan outbreak. Nature 444:836-837.
Key concepts:
Phylogenetic concepts. Evolutionary distances. Algorithmic vs. optimization methods. Distance, parsimony, and maximum likelihood approaches.
Important Dates
| Jan. 12th (Mon) | Presentation sign-up. |
| Jan. 30th (Fri) | Presentations start |
| Jan. 28th (Wed): | Quiz #1 |
| Feb. 16th – Feb 20th | Winter break. |
| Feb. 27th (Fri): | Quiz #2 |
| Mar. 23 (Fri) | Quiz #3 |
| Apr. 3rd (Fri) | Last Class |
| Apr. 8th (Wed, 8:30- 10:30AM): | Final Exam |
NOTE: I will be gone Jan. 21 and 23 and have guest lectures. I may be gone Mar. 13.
Student Presentations
Each student will work with one or two other students to present a research paper to the class for 30 minutes. Each student will also write a 2-3 page critical review of the research paper. The presentation should be a joint effort, but each person must write her or his own review. In the presentation, students will give the background of a research question and present the paper that addressed this question. The presentation will be uploaded to Blackboard. People in the class are responsible to know a summary of the paper for quizzes and the final and to hand in questions after the presentation. Students are welcome to address a topic of interest to them, or I can suggest a paper. I will distribute a list to sign up next Monday. Please give your preferred partners if you have them. I will assign partners to those who do not have them.
Lab Topics
Labs will cover the use of major data analysis programs discussed in lecture. These will include CLUSTAL, BLAST, the PHYLIP or MEGA suite, BIOCONDUCTOR (part of the R statistical package) for microarray data analysis, and FASTA for sequence analysis. Basic PERL and shell scripting will be introduced for text manipulation. The first lab is in the second week of class. Shuhua Zhan will give you details about lab credits.




