battal
çiçekli - papatya
çiçekli - sümbül
|
Ebru
Turkish Marbling
by ezan
Peya Gökçen.
(En Français ci-dessous)
Marbled paper, called ebru in Turkish, was used extensively in
the binding of books and within the calligraphic panels in Turkey.
The existing word ebre in Eastern Turkish, meaning variegated,
points to the fact that marbling might have been known by the populations
of Central Asia. Its origin might ultimately hark back to China, where
a document from the T'ang dynasty (618-907) mentions a process of
coloring paper on water with five hues. In the early examples from the
16th c. in the Ottoman-Turkish era, ebru appears in the battal
(stone)
form, namely without any manipulation. Interestingly, several variations
developed in time, giving us types such as gelgit, tarakli, hatip, bülbül
yuvasi, çiçekli (respectively come-and-go, combed, preacher,
nightingale's nest, flowered, etc.) An attempt has been made here to show
some of its principal patterns, with samples by the master marblers of
this century chosen from our collection.
Ebru technique consists of sprinkling colours containing a few
drops of ox-gall on to the surface of the bath sized with kitre
(gum tragacanth) in a trough. By carefully laying the paper over
the bath, the floating picture on top of it is readily transferred to the
paper; thus, each ebru is a one of a kind print. To obtain beautiful
ebru
results, one needs to have a light hand, refined taste, and an open mind
to the unexpected patterns forming on the water. Patience and a good knowledge
of traditional culture are characteristic of ebru masters.
After the 1550's, booklovers in Europe prized ebru, which came
to be known as Turkish papers. Many specimens in their collections and
in the several album amicorum books are visible today in various
museums. Also, early texts dealing with ebru, such as Discourse
on decorating paper in the Turkish manner, published in 1664 by Athanasius
Kircher in Rome, helped to disseminate the knowledge of this kind of marbling
art. There is agreement amongst scholars that the so-called Turkish
Papers played a colourful influence on the book arts in Europe. |
batip
bülbül yuvasi
kumlu
( + hatip)
|