Classification of the Phylum Ciliophora proposed by de Puytorac (1994)

For the most recent, published revision by de Puytorac see:

Puytorac P de (1994): Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: P de Puytorac, ed., Traité de Zoologie, Tome II, Infusoires Ciliés, Fasc. 2, Systématique. Masson, Paris. p. 1-15.

Phylum CILIOPHORA Doflein, 1901

Subphylum TUBULICORTICATA de Puytorac et al., 1993


Superclass POSTCILIODESMATOPHORA Gerassimova & Seravin, 1976
Class KARYORELICTEA Corliss, 1974
Subclass Trachelocercia Jankowski, 1980
Order Trachelocercida Kent, 1881


Subclass Loxodia Jankowski, 1980
Order Loxodida Jankowski in Small & Lynn, 1985


Subclass Protocruziidia Jankowski in Small & Lynn, 1985
Order Protocruziida Jankowski in Small & Lynn, 1985


Subclass Protoheterotrichia Nouzarède, 1977
Order Protoheterotrichida Nouzarède, 1977


Class HETEROTRICHEA Stein, 1859
Subclass Heterotrichia Stein, 1859
Order Heterotrichida Stein, 1859
Order Coliphorida Jankowski, 1967
Order Armophorida Jankowksi, 1964
Order Phacodiniida Small & Lynn, 1985
Order Odontostomatida Sawaya, 1940
Order Licnophorida Corliss, 1957


Subclass Clevelandellidia de Puytorac & Grain, 1976
Order Clevelandellida de Puytorac & Grain, 1976


Superclass SPIROTRICHA Bütschli, 1889
Class HYPOTRICHEA Stein, 1859
Subclass Euplotia Tuffrau & Fleury in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Kiitrichida Nozawa, 1941
Order Euplotida Small & Lynn, 1985
Order Uronychiida Tuffrau & Fleury in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Gastrocirrhida Tuffrau & Fleury in de Puytorac et al., 1993


Subclass Oxytrichia Tuffrau & Fleury in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Urostylida Jankowski, 1979
Order Discocephalida Wicklow, 1982
Order Oxytrichida Jankowski, 1979


Class OLIGOTRICHEA Bütschli, 1887
Subclass Oligotrichia Bütschli, 1887
Order Oligotrichida Bütschli, 1887


Subclass Strobilia Laval-Peuto, Grain & Deroux in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Choreotrichida Small & Lynn, 1985
Order Tintinnida Kofoid & Campbell, 1929


Superclass TRANSVERSALA de Puytorac et al., 1993
Class COLPODEA Small & Lynn, 1981
Subclass Colpodia Foissner, 1985
Order Colpodida de Puytorac et al., 1974
Order Grossglockneriida Foissner, 1985
Order Bursariomorphida Fernández-Galiano, 1978
Order Cyrtolophosidida Foissner, 1978
Order Sorogenida Foissner, 1985
Order Bryophryida de Puytorac et al., 1979


Subclass Bryometopia Foissner, 1985
Order Bryometopida Foissner, 1985


Class PLAGIOPYLEA Small & Lynn, 1985
Order Plagiopylida Small & Lynn, 1985

Subphylum FILICORTICATA de Puytorac et al., 1993


Class LITOSTOMATEA Small & Lynn, 1981
Order Haptorida Corliss, 1974
Order Spathidiida Foissner & Foissner, 1988
Order Helicoprorodontida Grain in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Pleurostomatida Schewiakoff, 1896
Order Mesodiniida Grain in de Puytorac et al., 1993


Class VESTIBULIFEREA de Puytorac et al., 1974
Order Trichostomatida Bütschli, 1889
Order Entodiniomorphida Reichenow in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929
Order Blepharocorythida Wolska, 1971

Subphylum EPIPLASMATA de Puytorac et al., 1993


Superclass CILIOSTOMATOPHORA de Puytorac et al., 1993
Class PHYLLOPHARYNGEA de Puytorac et al., 1974
Subclass Cyrtophoria Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956
Order Chilodonellida Deroux in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Chlamydodontida Deroux in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Dysteriida Deroux in de Puytorac et al., 1993


Subclass Chonotrichia Wallengren, 1895
Order Chilodochonida Batisse in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Exogemmida Jankowski, 1972
Order Cryptogemmida Jankowski, 1975


Subclass Rhynchodia Chatton & Lwoff, 1939
Order Hypocomatida Deroux, 1976
Order Rhynchodida Chatton & Lwoff, 1939


Subclass Suctoria Claparède & Lachmann, 1858
Order Podophryida Jankowski, 1973
Order Exotropida Batisse in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Entotropida Batisse in de Puytorac et al., 1993


Superclass MEMBRANELLOPHORA Jankowski, 1975
Class NASSOPHOREA Small & Lynn, 1981
Subclass Prostomatia Schewiakoff, 1896
Order Prostomatida Schewiakoff, 1896
Order Prorodontida Corliss, 1974


Subclass Nassulia Jankowski, 1967
Order Nassulopsida Deroux in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Synhymeniida Deroux, 1978
Order Nassulida Jankowski, 1967
Order Paranassulida Deroux in de Puytorac et al., 1993
Order Parahymenostomatida Grain et al., 1976
Order Microthoracida Jankowski, 1967


Class OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA de Puytorac et al., 1974
Subclass Peniculia Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956
Order Peniculida Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956
Order Urocentrida de Puytorac et al., 1987


Subclass Scuticociliatia Small, 1967
Order Philasterida Small, 1967
Order Pleuronematida Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956


Subclass Peritrichia Stein, 1859
Order Sessilida Kahl, 1933
Order Mobilida Kahl, 1933


Subclass Hysterocinetia Diesing, 1866
Order Hysterocinetida Diesing, 1866


Subclass Astomatia Schewiakoff, 1896
Order Hoplitophryida Cheissin, 1930
Order Anoplophryida Cépède, 1910


Subclass Hymenostomatia Delage & Hérouard, 1896
Order Tetrahymenida Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956
Order Ophryoglenida Canella, 1964


Subclass Apostomatia Chatton & Lwoff, 1928
Order Apostomatida Chatton & Lwoff, 1928
Order Astomatophorida Jankowski, 1966
Order Pilisuctorida Jankowski, 1966