Classification of the Phylum Ciliophora proposed by Denis Lynn (unpubl.) on June 14, 2002.

For the most recent, published revision by D.H. Lynn see:
  • Lynn, D.H. and E.B. Small. 1997. A Revised Classification of the Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat. 47: 65-78.



    • Phylum CILIOPHORA Doflein, 1901

      Subphylum POSTCILIODESMATOPHORA Gerassimova & Seravin, 1976
        Class KARYORELICTEA Corliss, 1974
            Order Protostomatida Small & Lynn, 1985
            Order Loxodida Jankowski in Small & Lynn, 1985
            Order Protoheterotrichida Nouzarède, 1977

        Class HETEROTRICHEA Stein, 1859
            Order Heterotrichida Stein, 1859
      Subphylum INTRAMACRONUCLEATA Lynn, 1996
        Class SPIROTRICHEA Bütschli, 1889
          Subclass Protocruziidia de Puytorac et al., 1987
            Order Protocruziida Jankowski in Small & Lynn, 1985

          Subclass Phacodiniidia Small & Lynn, 1985
            Order Phacodiniida Small & Lynn, 1985

          Subclass Hypotrichia Stein, 1859
            Order Kiitrichida Nozawa, 1941
            Order Euplotida Small & Lynn, 1985
              Suborder Discocephalina Wicklow, 1982
              Suborder Euplotina Small & Lynn, 1985

          Subclass Oligotrichia Bütschli, 1887
            Order Strombidiida Petz & Foissner, 1992

          Subclass Choreotrichia Small & Lynn, 1985
            Order Tintinnida Kofoid & Campbell, 1929
            Order Choreotrichida Small & Lynn, 1985
              Suborder Strombidinopsina Small & Lynn, 1985
              Suborder Strobilidiina Small & Lynn, 1985
              Suborder Leegaardiellina Laval-Peuto, Grain & Deroux, 1994

          Subclass Stichotrichia Small & Lynn, 1985
            Order Plagiotomida Albaret, 1974
            Order Stichotrichida Fauré-Fremiet, 1961
            Order Urostylida Jankowski, 1979
            Order Sporadotrichida Fauré-Fremiet, 1961

          Subclass Licnophoria Corliss, 1957
            Order Licnophorida Corliss, 1957

        Class ARMOPHOREA Jankowski, 1964 **
            Order Armophorida Jankowksi, 1964
            Order Clevelandellida de Puytorac & Grain, 1976
            Order Odontostomatida Sawaya, 1940

        Class LITOSTOMATEA Small & Lynn, 1981
          Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974
            Order Haptorida Corliss, 1974
            Order Pleurostomatida Schewiakoff, 1896
            Order Cyclotrichida Jankowski, 1980

          Subclass Trichostomatia Bütschli, 1889
            Order Vestibuliferida de Puytorac et al., 1974
            Order Entodiniomorphida Reichenow in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929
              Suborder Archistomatina de Puytorac et al., 1974
              Suborder Blepharocorythina Wolska, 1971
              Suborder Entodiniomorphina Reichenow in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

        Class PHYLLOPHARYNGEA de Puytorac et al., 1974
          Subclass Phyllopharyngia de Puytorac et al., 1974
            Order Chlamydodontida Deroux, 1976
            Order Dysteriida Deroux, 1976

          Subclass Rhynchodia Chatton & Lwoff, 1939
            Order Rhynchodida Chatton & Lwoff, 1939
              Suborder Rhynchodina Chatton & Lwoff, 1939
              Suborder Ancistrocomina Chatton & Lwoff, 1939

            Order Hypocomatida Deroux, 1976

          Subclass Chonotrichia Wallengren, 1895
            Order Exogemmida Jankowski, 1972
            Order Cryptogemmida Jankowski, 1975

          Subclass Suctoria Claparède & Lachmann, 1858
            Order Exogenida Collin, 1912
            Order Endogenida Collin, 1912
            Order Evaginogenida Jankowski in Corliss, 1979

        Class NASSOPHOREA Small & Lynn, 1981
            Order Synhymeniida de Puytorac et al., 1974
            Order Nassulida Jankowski, 1967
            Order Microthoracida Jankowski, 1967

        Class COLPODEA Small & Lynn, 1981
            Order Bryometopida Foissner, 1985
            Order Bryophryida de Puytorac et al., 1979
            Order Bursariomorphida Fernández-Galiano, 1978
            Order Colpodida de Puytorac et al., 1974
            Order Cyrtolophosidida Foissner, 1978
            Order Sorogenida Foissner, 1985

        Class PROSTOMATEA Schewiakoff, 1896
            Order Prostomatida Schewiakoff, 1896
            Order Prorodontida Corliss, 1974

        Class PLAGIOPYLEA Small & Lynn, 1985**
            Order Plagiopylida Small & Lynn, 1985

        Class OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA de Puytorac et al., 1974
          Subclass Peniculia Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956
            Order Peniculida Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956
              Suborder Frontoniina Small & Lynn, 1985
              Suborder Parameciina Jankowski in Small & Lynn, 1985

          Subclass Scuticociliatia Small, 1967
            Order Philasterida Small, 1967
            Order Pleuronematida Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956

          Subclass Hymenostomatia Delage & Hérouard, 1896
            Order Hymenostomatida Delage & Hérouard, 1896
              Suborder Tetrahymenina Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956
              Suborder Ophryoglenina Canella, 1964

          Subclass Apostomatia Chatton & Lwoff, 1928
            Order Apostomatida Chatton & Lwoff, 1928
            Order Astomatophorida Jankowski, 1966
            Order Pilisuctorida Jankowski, 1966

          Subclass Peritrichia Stein, 1859
            Order Sessilida Kahl, 1933
            Order Mobilida Kahl, 1933

          Subclass Astomatia Schewiakoff, 1896
            Order Astomatida Schewiakoff, 1896
    ** new Class but what is synapomorphy for class!?