African Mammalian Trypanosomiasis

One of his early contributions on human trypanosomiasis was the use of the Haematocrit Centrifuge Technique (HCT - described in Woo, 1969) in hospitals to detect trypanosomes in the blood and cerebral spinal fluid of patients with African trypanosomiasis (Woo, 1970). It was also adapted for use under field conditions (Woo, 1971), and used in a survey on human trypanosomiasis (Onyango & Woo, 1971); this rapid and simple-to-use technique " . . . is still in use in many HAT [Human African Trypanosomiasis] control programs" (Chappuis et al., 2005). Since it is a sensitive technique (Woo & Rogers, 1974) it is also " . . . widely used for the diagnosis of animal trypanosomiasis" (Schlater & Van Den Bossche, 2004).
The HCT is sometimes called the "Woo test" (Chappuis et al., 2005) , or "Woo technique" (Quispe et al., 2003) , or "Woo method" (Uilenberg, 1998; Schlater & Van Den Bossche, 2004).

33. Woo, P.T.K. 2004. The pathophysiology of salmonid cryptobiosis and Glossina-transmitted mammalian trypanosomiasis in livestock. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 55: 91-105.

32. Woo, P.T.K. 1991. Piscine cryptobiosis and mammalian trypanosomiasis in North America. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecology 16: 25-42.

31. Otigbuo, I.N. & Woo, P.T.K. 1988. The in vitro and in vivo effects of metronidazole and chloroquine on Trypanosoma brucei brucei. J. Parasit. 74: 201-206.

30. Otigbuo, I.N. & Woo, P.T.K. 1987. Trypanosoma b. brucei: A culture medium reverting a monomorphic to a pleomorphic strain. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 81: 408-410.

29. Soltys, M.A. & Woo, P.T.K. 1977. Trypanosomes producing disease in livestock in Africa. In: Parasitic Protozoa, Volume 1 (ed. J.P. Kreier), Academic Press, New York, U.S.A., pp. 239-268.

28. Woo, P.T.K. 1977. Salivarian trypanosomes producing disease in livestock outside subsaharan Africa. In: Parasitic Protozoa, Volume 1 (ed. J.P. Kreier), Academic Press, U.S.A., pp. 269-296.

27. Kobayashi, A., Soltys, M.A. & Woo, P.T.K. 1976. Comparative studies on the laboratory diagnosis of experimental Trypanosoma congolense in sheep. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 70: 53-59.

26. Kobayashi, A., Tizard, I. & Woo, P.T.K. 1975. Studies on the anaemia in experimental African trypanosomiasis. II. The pathogenesis of the anaemia in calves infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 25: 401-407.

25. Woo, P.T.K. & Hawkings, J.D. 1975. Trypanosomes and experimental trypanosomiasis in East African bats. Acta Tropica 32: 57-64.

24. Woo, P.T.K. & Kobayashi, A. 1975. Studies on the anaemia in experimental African trypanaosomiasis. I. A prliminary communication of the mechanism of the anaemia. Ann. Soc. Belg. Med. Trop. 55: 37-45.

23. Woo, P.T.K. 1974. A review of studies on the immunization against the pathogenic protozoan diseases of man. Acta Tropica 31: 1-27.

22. Woo, P.T.K. & Rogers, D. 1974. A statistical study on the sensitivity of the haematocrit centrifuge technique in the detection of trypanosomes. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 68: 319-326.

21. Soltys, M.A. & Woo, P.T.K. 1973. Indirect charcoal agglutination test in the diagnosis of Sleeping Sickness in West Africa. Z. Tropenmed. Parasit. 24: 143-145.

20. Soltys, M.A., Thomson, S.M.R. & Woo, P.T.K. 1972. Experimental transmission of Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense in rats and guinea pigs through intact mucous membrane and skin. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 67: 399-402.

19. Soltys, M.A. & Woo, P.T.K. 1972. Immunological methods in diagnosis of protozoan diseases in man and domestic aniamls. Z. Tropenmed. Parasit. 23: 173-187.

18. Tizard, I.R., Woo, P.T.K. & Soltys, M.A. 1972. Immunological techniques in the diagnosis of protozoan diseases in domestic animals. In: 76th Annual Meeting, U.S. Animal Health Association, pp. 758-768.

17. Woo, P.T.K. & Soltys, M.A. 1972a. The indirect haemagglutination and charcoal aggultination tests in the diagnosis of African sleeping sickness. Z. Tropenmed. Parasit. 23: 324-327.

16. Woo, P.T.K. & Soltys, M.A. 1972b. Indirect haemagglutination test with sera of animals experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Z. Tropenmed. Parasit. 23: 166-172.

15. Onyango, R.J. & Woo, P.T.K. 1971. Sleeping Sickness survey in Musoma District, Tanzania. I. Investigation of the incidence of sleeping sickness in the human population. Acta Tropica 28: 181- 189.

14. Soltys, M.A., Woo, P.T.K. & Gillick, A.C. 1971. Differences in size between forms of trypanosomes in blood and in organs. In: Pathology of Parasitic Diseases (eds. S.M. Gaafar, G.M. Urquhart, J. Euzeby, E.J.L. Soulsby & G. Lammler), Purdue University Press, Indiana, U.S.A., pp. 15-18.

13. Woo, P.T.K. 1971a. Evaluation of the haemataocrit centrifuge and other techniques for the field diagnosis of human trypanosomiasis and filariasis. Acta Tropica 28: 298-303.

12. Woo, P.T.K. 1971b. A technique for the parasitological diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 65: 249- 250.

11. Woo, P.T.K. & Kauffman, M. 1971. The haematocrit centrifuge technique for the detection of low virulent strains of trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma congolense sub-group. Acta Tropica 28: 304-308.

10. Woo, P.T.K. & Soltys, M.A. 1971. The effects of suramin on blood and tissue stages of Trypanosoma brucei and T. rhodesiense. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 65: 465-469.

9. Soltys, M.A. & Woo, P.T.K. 1970a. Further studies on tissue forms of Trypanosoma brucei in a vertebrate host. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 64: 692-694.

8. Soltys, M.A. & Woo, P.T.K. 1970b. Biological differences of two sub- strains of Trypanosoma brucei maintained by syringe passage in two different hosts. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 64: 249-254.

7. Woo, P.T.K. & Soltys, M.A. 1970. Animals as reservoir host of human trypanosomes. In: Annual Wildlife Disease Association Annual Conference (eds. L. Karstad, J. Budd, P.F. Olsen & G. Hoffman) 6: 313-322.

6. Woo, P.T.K. 1970a. Origin of mammalian trypanosomes which develop in the anterior-station of blood-sucking arthropods. Nature 228: 1059-1062.

5. Woo, P.T.K. 1970b. The haematocrit centrifuge technique for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. Acta Tropica 27: 384-387.

4. Soltys, M.A., Woo, P.T.K. & Gillick, A.C. 1969. A preliminary note on the separation and infectivity of tissue forms T. brucei. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 63: 495-496.

3. Soltys, M.A. & Woo, P.T.K. 1969a. Multiplication of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in vertebrate hosts. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 63: 480-485.

2. Woo, P.T.K., & Soltys, M.A. 1969b. The experimental infection of reptiles with Trypanosoma brucei. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 63: 35-38.

1. Soltys, M.A. & Woo, P.T.K. 1968. Leeches as possible vectors for mammalian trypanosomes. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62: 154- 156.