Disorders of sexual development of dogs

Chromosomal disorders of sexual development

Trisomy X (XXX)

O'connor et al (2011) reported on 2 dogs with estous cycle anomalies that had an extra X chromosome. The ovaries were hypoplastic.

O'Connor CL, Schweizer C, Gradil C, Schlafer D, Lopate C, Prociuk U, Meyers-Wallen VN, Casal ML. (2011) Trisomy-X with estrous cycle anomalies in two female dogs. Theriogenology. 2011, 76: 374-380.

XX disorders of sexual development

Disorders of gonadal (ovarian) development

XX SRY-positive DSD

XX SRY-negative DSD

Campos et al 2011 reported on a French bulldog with an XX genotype, that was SRY negative and which had testes. It was phenotypically male.

A Rota 1 , A Starvaggi Cucuzza 1 , S Iussich 1 , L DeLorenzi 2 and P Parma 2 The Case of an Sry-Negative XX Male Pug With an Inguinal Gonad. Reprod Dom Anim 2010 45:743-745

Campos M, Moreno-Manzano V, García-Roselló M, García-Roselló E(2011) SRY-Negative XX Sex Reversal in a French Bulldog. Reprod Dom Anim 2011 46: 185–188.

Androgen excess

Other

XY disorders of sexual development

Disorders of gonadal (testicular) development

Gonadal dysgenesis (XY SRY-negative DSD)

Ovotesticular (XY SRY-positive, ovotesticular DSD)

 

Disorders of androgen synthesis or action (XY SRY-positive, testes, phenotypic DSD)

Herndon AM, DVM, Casal ML, Jaques JT (Scott) (2012) Testicular Neoplasia in the Retained Testicles of an Intersex Male Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48:118–124.

ABSTRACT
This case describes the presentation and management of an 8 yr old phenotypically female intersex male dog presented for
evaluation of a mass in the right inguinal region. The right inguinal space was surgically explored, and a large irregular mass
resembling a fully developed testicle was identified in the right vaginal tunic. A second mass resembling an atrophied, but
anatomically mature testicle, was identified in the left tunic. The larger mass was identified as a Sertoli cell tumor that had
replaced all normal testicular tissue. The smaller mass was identified as a testicle that contained a small intratubular seminoma.
The patient was diagnosed as having a phenotypic female sex, chromosomal male sex, and a gonadal male sex. Hormone
assays completed before and after the gonadectomy and mass removal document an elevation of circulating progesterone
presurgically that returned to baseline by 1 mo postsurgically. The source of the progesterone was identified to be the
Leydig cells of the atrophied testicle. (DOI 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5696)

Other (XY SRY-positive, testes, phenotypic DSD)

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome

Miniature Schnauzers

Uni or bilateral cryptorchidism and Sertoli cell tumours and endometritis are part of the syndrome. Some may have XXY chromosomes.

MIS is present, so it must be a failure of response at the receptor level.

Myerscough (1993) reports on a German Shepherd dog that was male, but which had pyometra and torsion of the uterus.

Breshears and Peters (2011) wrote a case report about a miniature schnauzer with cryptorchidism and a uterus.

Breshears MA, Peters JL. (2011) Ambiguous Genitalia in a Fertile, Unilaterally Cryptorchid Male Miniature Schnauzer Dog. Vet Pathol 2011, 48: 1038-1040.

Marshall LS, Oehlert ML, Haskins ME, Selden JR, Patterson DF (1982). Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome in Miniature Schnauzers. J Amer Vet Med Assoc 181: 798-801

Meyers-Wallen VN, Donahoe PK, Ueno S, Manganaro TF, Patterson DF. (1989) Mullerian inhibiting substance is present in testes of dogs with persistent Mullerian dict syndrome. Biol of Reproduct 41: 881-888.

Myerscough M (1993) Pyometra and torsion of the uterus in a male dog. Vet Rec 133: 252

Cryptorchidism