An introductory survey of the fundamental aspects of physiology and morphology and their contribution toward the understanding of human health. (Offered in odd-numbered years.)

An investigation of various lines of evidence for human evolution: fossil remains, behavioral and molecular similarities among living primates. The relevance of human origins to contemporary human biology will be stressed.

Application of mechanical principles to the study of human movement. Detailed anthropometric, kinematic, and muscular analysis of selected movement complexes. Introduction to cinematography and computerized biomedical analysis techniques in studying human motion.

A two-semester lecture and laboratory course in human anatomy which includes a detailed study of the skeleton, upper and lower limbs, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, perineum, head, neck and central nervous system. This is a two-semester course. When you select it you will be assigned to 75-2951 in the Fall semester and 75-2952 in the Winter semester. A grade will not be assigned to 75-2951 until 75-2952 has been completed.

This course will examine the ecological and evolutionary correlates of human population biology and behaviour. General principles from ecology and evolutionary biology will first be discussed; then how these principles have been used to develop models for the evolution of human social behaviour and understanding adaptive strategies among modern subsistence-level populations. Particular attention will be given to current ecological problems (e.g., loss of biodiversity) and their implications for the health and survival of modern human populations. (Offered in odd-numbered years.)

Laboratory techniques which are central to human biology are covered, together with their underlying concepts. Human performance and function are evaluated through cellular, organic, systemic and whole person studies. The student's technical competence and conceptual understanding are emphasized.

The significance of the human bipedal adaptation. Major determinants of human gait. Normal and pathological gait patterns. Techniques of gait analysis.

This double-weighted course consists of a series of lectures, demonstrations and tutorials designed for students desiring a knowledge of physiological concepts as they apply to human beings. The course discusses cellular physiology, neurophysiology, endocrinology, and the physiology of the following systems: cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal and respiratory with an emphasis on the regulation of function. When you select this course you must list both 75-3941 and 75-3942 in the same semester.

Interrelationships between respiratory gas exchange at whole body level and human behaviour. Exploration of basis for gas exchange. Techniques for evaluating whole body responses to various environmental loads.

Functional human anatomy at the impairment and repair levels. Topics include: the pathomechanics of human movement resultant from disease, abuse or trauma; the etiology, testing and correction of functional postural disorders and of various hypokinetic syndromes.

An introduction to the research process as it applies in human kinetics and human biology.

The central focus is a comprehensive examination of the effects of a variety of work parameters on normal human circulatory adjustments required to meet metabolic work demands. Immediate adjustments to increasing metabolic rate as well as long term levels of circulatory adaptability will be discussed. The laboratory section of the course will complement the lecture material but is also intended to provide the student with a knowledge of classical, as well as most recent techniques for cardiovascular data collection. Demonstration labs are minimal; student involvement in small group studies is stressed.

Independent literature research of an approved topic directly related to human kinetics or human biology, to be decided by the student in consultation with the supervisory faculty member before the student may pre-select or register for the course.

This course will examine advanced topics in applied ergonomics and occupational biomechanics research. The emphasis is on providing the tools and developing the skills required to identify occupational tasks of ergonomic concern, perform biomechanical analyses of tissue loads associated with a task, redesign operations to reduce the demands on heavily loaded tissues and optimize the feasibility that ergonomic changes will be implemented. Topics will include cumulative trauma disorder, low back pain, pre-employment screening, task analysis techniques and, human tissue tolerance to injury.

The adjustments made by the physiological regulatory systems in response to common human activities will be identified and discussed. This will include an examination of limiting factors within each system.

Detailed understanding of how movement is controlled is explored at various levels of the central nervous system. Throughout, attention is to modern knowledge on neural integration in motor events, with a focus towards understanding human activity. (Offered in odd-numbered years.)

In this double-weighted course, the student will select a research topic in an area of experimentation in Human Kinetics or Human Biology. Individual faculty members will provide guidance and direction to the student in planning, executing and reporting the project. This is a double-weighted course. When you select it, you must list both 75-4361 and 75-4362 in the same semester.

The student will select a research topic and design and complete a project in an area of interest, in consultation with a faculty advisor. This is a two-semester course. When you select it you will be assigned to 75-4371 in the first semester and 75-4372 in the second semester. A grade will not be assigned to 75-4371 until 75-4372 has been completed.

The course focuses on the underlying metabolic events that occur in association with exercise. Skeletal muscle metabolism and substrate delivery are discussed with respect to the intracellular biochemical events integrated with both the endocrine and the chemical aspects of neural mechanisms.

The adaptability of human tissues in response to mechanical stress. Bio-electrical potentials in bone. Joint lubrication. Prosthetic replacement in human skeletal joints and limbs with reference to the associated mechanical design.

This course examines the fossil evidence for human evolution. Discussion will focus on the functional and behavioral significance of important morphological changes within the hominid fossil record. In addition, central concepts in evolutionary biology will also be presented. Specific topics to be addressed include: speciation, and the recognition of species in the fossil records; models for hominid origins; the mechanics of bipedalism; the evolution of hominid craniofacial morphology; and the origin of modern humans. (Offered in even-numbered years.)

Exploration of the biological diversity of modern humans. Human relationships to climatic, nutritional, disease and demographic variables are discussed. Using an ecological approach, emphasis is placed on the interactions among culture, biology, movement and behaviour. The central theoretical issue is that of natural selection in humans: has it operated in the past, does it operate today?