This course will introduce important concepts concerning the organization of life on our planet. Biological concepts will be examined within a framework of ecosystems, providing an appreciation of the dynamic and interactive nature of living systems.

This systems approach to biology deals with the interrelationships among plants, animals and their respective environments demonstrated by field and laboratory exercises. Humans' impact on ecosystems will be emphasized. Department of Botany.

The structure and function of eukaryotic cells with emphasis on multicellular organisms, the role of subcellular structures and organelles as they relate to the cellular processes of bioenergetics, division, differentiation, motility, secretion, nutrition, communication and aging.

Same as 15-220 but without the laboratory component.

An exploration of the structure and dynamics of animal and plant populations. The first part of the course will focus on demographic characteristics of populations and simple models of population growth and natural regulation. The second part of the course will concentrate on a variety of population interactions, including competition, harvesting and predator-prey systems, and consider how these interactions affect population dynamics. Both theoretical and empirical aspects of population ecology will be emphasized throughout the course. Department of Zoology.

A course on the structure and dynamics of communities, dealing with both theoretical and applied aspects of community ecology. Emphasis is on the modern quantitative view of community ecology, and on the development of problem-solving skills. Department of Zoology.

An introduction to the biological basis for the management of wild, living resources, including freshwater and marine fish and wild life. Topics will include an overview of processes related to resource population abundance and dynamics, theory and practice of sustained-yield harvesting, and conservation and restoration of endangered species and/or ecosystems. Both theoretical and applied aspects of resource management will be emphasized. Department of Zoology.

An introduction to the structure and components of aquatic ecosystems, how they are regulated by physical, chemical and biological factors, and the impact of humans on these environments and their biota. Laboratory periods will centre around computer-based exercises and simulation of aquatic systems. Department of Zoology.

Introduction to the theory and practical application of analytical methods to common problems in population and community ecology. Particular emphasis will be placed on the theoretical basis for the following: experimental design, sampling, population estimation, statistical inference, demographic parameter estimation, and assessment of community attributes. Departments of Botany and Zoology.

An examination of common ecological problems faced by plants and animals and the physiological and behavioral characteristics that have evolved in response. Particular emphasis will be placed on adaptive aspects of thermoregulation, foraging strategies, spatial distribution, social and reproductive strategies. The course will emphasize both the theoretical basis and the empirical evidence for ecological adaptation. There is a 1-hour seminar each week for class discussion of selected lecture topics. Departments of Botany and Zoology.

An introduction to mathematical modelling ecology, with an emphasis on the deduction of general principles from biological hypotheses. Selected topics will be treated in considerable depth. Topics might include population dynamics, chaos, consumer-resource interactions, competition, perturbation experiments, food webs, and life histories. Department of Zoology.

An introduction to computer simulation modelling, with application to the population ecology and management of natural resources. Topics will include the following: growth and regulation of a single population, population interactions (including predator/prey and disease/host systems), habitat modification, harvesting, bioeconomic models. Considerable emphasis will be placed on the development and analysis of simple computer models by class members. Department of Zoology.

A lecture and tutorial course dealing with topical issues that highlight the roles of ecology, economics, history, sociology, philosophy and politics in the conservation and management of wild living "resources". Department of Zoology.