This course introduces key concepts in Human Geography and illustrates their practical application. Topics include population mobility and migration, settlement systems, urban and rural land use patterns, and locational decision-making.

A global overview of the changing relationships among society, technology, and the environment. This course emphasizes the major stages of human use of resources and the environmental consequences of global changes in production systems. It contrasts Third and First World experiences, focusing on core-periphery relationships.

An introduction to physical geography. The principles and processes governing climate-landform-soil-vegetation systems and interrelationships. Natural and human-induced changes to environmental systems. Laboratories will address techniques of measurement, representation and analysis of environmental systems through maps, air photographs, remote sensing, and field observations.

An introduction to physical geography. The principles and processes governing climate-landform-soil-vegetation systems and interrelationships. Natural and human-induced changes to environmental systems. This is the non-laboratory version of 45-130.

An introduction to geomorphology emphasizing weathering, slope and fluvial processes within drainage basins. Application of field and laboratory techniques.

An analysis of Third World urbanization at the scales of the global and national urban systems, and of the major city. Emphasis is placed on the processes of urbanization, the role of the major city in reducing or increasing regional differentiation within the state, and the internal structure of the major city.

The interrelationship between climate, the biosphere and the hydrosphere and interaction to produce distinct physical landscapes. Emphasis on landscape processes.

This course examines the interrelationships between people and biophysical processes. The main themes are: 1) characteristics of natural resources and processes through which they are developed and used; and 2) human response to environmental conditions, including natural hazards and global change. Contemporary Canadian case studies will be presented at the regional and national scales.

An introduction to the spatial distribution of economic activity. The course examines patterns, processes and problems in extractive activities, manufacturing, marketing and the service sector, including the transportation of commodities and people. The principles of economic location are applied to regional economic analysis and development.

An introduction to the principles and techniques of air photo interpretation and elementary photogrammetry. Topics include stereoscopic viewing, parallax, flightline planning, and mapping from air photos. Lab exercises focus on specific applications in natural habitats and in rural and urban settings.

The application of modern techniques to geographic study. The interpretation of geographic phenomena by objective methods. Major honours students in Geography must complete this course by the end of semester 4.

An overview of the theory and techniques used in the cartographic presentation of spatial information. Students will prepare a variety of thematic maps in lab sessions using both manual and automated methods. Major honours students in Geography must complete this course by the end of semester 4.

This course is designed to provide a better understanding of the nature and basis of Canadian regionalism. The first section of the course stresses the biophysical base and the inequality of the natural resource endowment. The historical geographic approach and the systematic overviews of contemporary Canada stress respectively the development and nature of the Canadian space economy. The final section on regions, regionalism and nationalism provides an overview of the heartland-hinterland dichotomy and centrifugal and centripetal forces operative in the nation.

A study of underdevelopment and development on the periphery of the world economy. Themes include the pre-industrial landscape, the colonial landscape, the dynamic relationship between independent state policies and the inherited spatial pattern.

The biotic environment as a resource; human impact upon this resource base: primary productivity and agro-ecosystems.

An examination and analysis of spatial patterns and processes in manufacturing industries. Topics include the geography of the firm, role of transportation, a reappraisal of location theories and selected case studies of contemporary manufacturing.

An examination of resource management, focusing on public and private decision-making processes. Consideration of techniques for evaluating resources, including EIA and risk analysis. Emphasis is on the economic, social, and environmental implications of resource development and use. Contemporary Canadian case studies will be presented at appropriate scales.

The first part of this course examines the basic properties of fluids and sediments and the factors controlling the initiation of sediment transport. Sediment transport processes, bedforms and large depositional features in fluvial, coastal and aeolian environments are covered in the second half of the course. Lectures will be complemented by laboratory and field work.

An examination of the nature and location of major agricultural systems of the world. Emphasis on physical, economic and social factors influencing these systems within a decision-making framework.

The evolution of resource use systems, settlement patterns, and built environments, their interrelationships and contribution to the Ontario landscape. Emphasis is given to the interpretation and analysis of source materials.

A study of rural economy, society, settlement and land use with an emphasis on the causes, processes and implications of change. Examples will be drawn largely from Canada.

A study of the evolution of the internal structure and functions of the city. Emphasis is placed on processes of social and economic change in the context of the built environment.

An introduction to the use of multivariate techniques for the analysis of geographic data.

An introduction to computer mapping and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Topics include data structures, data management, digitizing, producing automated thematic maps, and using GIS to solve spatial problems.

Trends and problems in the development, use and management of outdoor recreational and tourist resources. Emphasis is on the spatial, socio-economic and environmental implications of the relationship between recreational behaviour and resources.

Normally the prerequisite for these courses is45-221 or 45-223 but students with appropriate backgrounds and standing in at least 15 course credits will be granted permission.

The study of an ancient civilization significantly affected by the spread of a global capitalist economy and the development of socialism. Patterns of human organization and resource use will be examined according to the four major periods of China's recent history, namely, feudalism, colonialism, "Maoism", and "modernism".

The spatial evolution of the United States as a complex economy and society. Selected themes and case studies are explored in relation to the development of varied regional systems and landscapes.

The study of an area outside Anglo-America which will include topics in physical, economic, social and historical aspects of geography.

The principles of energy and water movement in the earth atmosphere system are examined as they relate to human made environments.

This course will apply and expand on the basic geomorphological principles covered in 45-200 to arid and semi-arid environments. The course will stress the interrelationships among various geomorphological and related biophysical processes as controls on weathering, sediment transport and landform/landscape development in arid environments.

The earlier systematic geography courses have provided the basic content in each field so that the advanced courses concentrate on; theory and generalization approach and method, application. While particular prerequisites are listed below, students in other programs will be granted permission to take these courses where they have appropriate experience.

Examines the processes and landforms associated with rivers. Particular emphasis is placed on the interaction between the process variables of water and sediment movement and the morphologic variables of channel cross-section, slope and pattern.

An integrated systems approach to solving issues of environmental evaluation, impact and development. Focus will be on the biophysical components of the environment.

An examination of selected issues in the spatial structure of the economy and the regional economic development process. Topics include industrial policy, transportation and agencies of development. Case studies are drawn from Canada, other developed and developing countries.

This course provides an opportunity for advanced studies in the application of resource management and evaluation techniques. The preparation and presentation of a research project that evaluates biophysical, environmental and social aspects of a local resource or environmental issue is an integral component of the course.

The course focuses primarily on wave and current processes, and resulting sediment transport in the beach and nearshore area.

An analysis of land use issues and trends within sectors and between sectors, at local and regional scales. Students complete a project on a selected issue related to land use competition, compatibility, conflict and/or allocation.

This course focuses on rural socio-economic change. Rural population dynamics, including depopulation, repopulation and differential migration, represent a central theme. Related issues of regional and community economic viability and social vitality in the context of settlement policies are addressed.

Topics such as intra-urban mobility, urban renewal, gentrification, heritage conservation and public service facility location are discussed in the context of planning processes.

This course adopts a project-oriented approach to the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in spatial analysis. Students will have the opportunity to design and implement an individual research project using GIS techniques to investigate a problem in any area of geography.

Field research in geography for senior students to be held over a minimum of 6 days prior to the beginning of classes in the fall semester. This course introduces field observation and techniques. Students apply these skills by undertaking a field study under faculty supervision. Cost to the student will vary with location.

A critical overview of the evolution and current status of geography. Particular emphasis will be given to the variety of approaches and convergence and divergence within the discipline. The interaction between human and physical geographers and their approaches to issues and the subject will be analyzed. Open to major honours students in Geography at semester 7 or above.