This course will deal with the evolution and expansion of European society during the pre-industrial era. Commencing with the upheavals of Renaissance and Reformation it will survey such themes as the voyages of exploration, the impact of western culture on indigenous societies, the development of commercial capitalism, the transformation of science and technology and the conflict between imperial powers in Europe and overseas.

This course will investigate the history of the modern world since 1918 by examining selected topics from various geographic areas, according to the expertise of the instructors concerned.

This course is intended as an introduction to the history of science and its interrelationships with society in the western world since 1500, including its influence on the environment, religion, economics and political developments, warfare, etc.. Particular emphasis will be laid upon scientific developments in the 19th or 20th centuries.

A comparative survey of the histories of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales during the Medieval and Early Modern eras. Stress will be placed upon common themes such as institutional development, warfare and the often violent interaction between the English and the Celtic peoples.

Concentrating on developments following the introduction of gunpowder, the course will consider the evolution of military strategy and tactics, the impact of technology on warfare, and the relationship between war and civilian populations.

A study of the comparative histories of colonial societies of England, France and Spain from their first settlements to independence. The course will compare the interconnections as well as the uniqueness of each colonial society in terms of their patterns of settlement, relationships with native peoples, economic and social developments, and their eventual movement toward autonomy and independence.

A survey course which traces the evolution of the modern city with emphasis on Canada. The course will focus on the relationship of people, technology and economic growth on physical form - the planning, housing and architecture of the city.

The course will cover the major events and developments from the period of the collapse of the Roman Empire and the legalization of Christianity through the 15th century. The emphasis will be upon the factors which led to the replacement of the institutions and attitudes of Antiquity with specifically medieval European institutions and points of view and on the processes which initiated their modification into those of the modern world in the period prior to 1500.

A survey of the major trends in religious beliefs and practices and their social impact since the Reformation. The focus of the course is on the British Isles and North America with some discussion of developments in Continental Europe.

A survey of the history of: Sumer, Akkad, Egypt, Babylon, Persia, Assyria, Palestine, and the Hittites stressing cultural continuity and interaction.

An introductory survey of Russian History from the death of Catherine the Great to the onset of World War II. This course will focus on efforts by Russian rulers to modernize the Empire's social and economic institutions in response to Western influence. Attention will also be directed towards specific crises which threatened Russia's stability such as the Crimean War, emancipation of the serfs, World War I and the Revolutions of 1905 and 1917.

A course designed to acquaint students with the development of historical writing, the interpretive problems surrounding the study of history, and the methods employed by historians.

This course will survey the history of England and the Celtic Regions of the British Isles from the close of the Tudor period up to the mid-20th century. Emphasis will be placed on social and economic development before and after the Industrial Revolution as well as on those political and military challenges which have characterized Britain's status as a global power in the modern era.

This course will deal with the emergence of modern European society as the result of socio-economic and consequent political changes from the French Revolution to the end of World War II.

A study of the British North American colonies in the changing British Empire; the transition from pre-industrial, rural societies to a transcontinental, urban state; continuing regionalism; the impact of major international events such as war and depression.

A survey of the history of the United States since the inauguration of government under the Constitution. Political, social and intellectual developments will be covered, as will the rise of America to world power.

An examination of the family since 1500 with particular emphasis on the English speaking world, though comparisons will be made with other societies. Topics considered will include: change in the legal structure of marriage; power relations and sex roles within the family; the role of kin in the family; changing attitudes to sexuality; the attitude of state to the family and its functions.

This course surveys French history from the beginning of the Renaissance to the death of Louis XIV. Students will examine the emergence of the powerful monarchy, 16th- century religious and civil war, and social conflict and reform under the absolutist monarchs of the 17th century.

This course will be devoted to a study of major themes in modern German history, and to an analysis of Germany's role in post-war Europe. Topics include the unification of Germany, the role of nationalism in modern German history, the significance of the Bismarck era, the rise of Hitler and the development of the two Germanies until their unification in 1990.

The history of the Mediterranean World from prehistoric Greece through Classical Greece and Rome to the legalization of Christianity in the Roman Empire in the 4th century.

This course will study selected themes in the history of Latin American republics from the independence period to the modern era.

The roles of women examined historically. The areas covered will depend on the expertise of the instructor. Emphasis will normally be placed on the history of women in the Western World.

A survey of the history of the civilizations south of the Sahara in pre-colonial Africa, with stress on West Africa; a study of the Atlantic slave trade and the dispersion of Africans throughout the Americas. Emphasis will be given to the struggle against slavery in the Caribbean and the United States. The course will also deal with recent socio-economic and political problems encountered by Black people in Africa and the New World.

An assessment of the challenges facing England during its emergence from a medieval to a modern state in the 16th and 17th centuries. The course will examine such external forces as the Renaissance, Reformation and Scientific Revolution as well as domestic crises culminating in the political revolutions of 1640 and 1688.

The social, political and cultural history of the Celtic peoples of the British Isles from Prehistory to the advent of the Normans. Special consideration will be given to the development of Celtic institutions as well as to comparative study of successive waves of invaders-Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings and Normans.

A study of changes in the American society from the colonial period to the present. Topics covered will vary depending on the expertise of the individual instructor.

This course will be concerned with two main themes of 20th-century European history: the impact of nationalism and the gradual emergence of international ideas and institutions. Major topics to be discussed include nationalism during the two world wars, the strengths and weaknesses of the League of Nations, and the creation of the European Economic Community.

The British conquest, settlement, economic development, formation of political parties, British policy, French-English relations and responsible government are among topics considered.

A broad survey of the province's development from its formation as Upper Canada in 1791 through to the 20th century. Special emphasis will be placed upon social and economic change, and the processes of immigration, settlement, northern expansion, urbanization and industrialization.

The course will survey the social, political and intellectual influences upon the leisure activities of Europeans and Americans in the period with special reference to ballads, folk songs, games, street theatre and the carnival. Witchcraft and the witchhunt will be discussed as well as such topics as divination and second sight.

This course consists of a detailed study of the background and development of the Canadian political process and culture. It devotes special attention to the changing role and character of the state.

The course will analyse the frontier thesis as a valid interpretation of American History. It will also deal with the expansion of settlement across the continent, Manifest Destiny, the frontier and democracy, and the influence of westward expansion on the American character.

A consideration of the Renaissance in its historical setting, as a cultural movement embracing a variety of aspects of intellectual, political, religious and social life, beginning in Italy and spreading throughout Europe.

This course will examine changes in the structure of European society in the first half of the 19th century; the rise of new forces, e.g., liberalism, nationalism, socialism and their impact on European society and politics.

An examination of the rise of modern imperialism making possible the rapid expansion of colonial empires after 1870; the nature of this expansion in Africa, Asia and Latin America; and the effects of imperialist expansion upon these societies.

This course will include studies on the Ibo, Yoruba and Edo societies, and on the Dahomey, Hausa, Western Congo and Angola states; the effect of the Atlantic slave trade on African societies. Emphasis will be given to the householding system, lineage group organization, subsistence agriculture, and the sources of African History.

A course of independent study, based on a comprehensive reading list provided by the department. Students will prepare themselves for 2 written examinations, given at the middle and end of the semester, by reading on their selected field.

This course will deal with the Celtic peoples in the British Isles and their effort to maintain their cultural, economic and political independence.

An in-depth analysis of the immediate causes and impact of the Second World War focusing on the influence of military events, on the social, political and economic developments of the major participating nations.

This course will examine selected topics in modern European women's history. Attention will be given to action in the public sphere, women's personal and family lives and occupations.

A course examining the social, economic, and political evolution of Quebec as well as the province's relations with the rest of Canada. Topics discussed include nationalism, the role of the church, the growth of trade unionism, Quebec and federalism, the Quiet Revolution.

Beginning with the First World War, the course will consider the diplomatic, social, economic, and political development of the United States throughout the 1920's, the era of the Great Depression, World War II and the Cold War.

An examination of selected themes in the development of modern Canadian society such as the role of class, the social consequences of industrialization and urbanization, immigration, ethnicity and religion, education and culture.

This course investigates the origins of the European Reformation, and its impact on the social, political and intellectual development of Early Modern Europe.

This course analyzes the changing relationships between individual, community and the state in 17th-century Europe. Students will examine the evolution of "absolute" monarchy, and early modern resistance to policies of political, social and intellectual control.

This course will trace the suppression of the slave trade and the opening of Africa to European imperialism. Emphasis will be given to resistance movements and rising nationalism between the two World Wars. An endeavour will be made to relate the national liberation movement to the achievement of independence.

A study in depth of the demographic expansion of the Black population in the United States since the Reconstruction; W.E.B. Du Bois, the Niagara Movement and the NAACP; the "great migrations"; the rise of the ghettos; the impacts of the Great Depression and World War II; Martin Luther King and the civil rights movement.

Similar to 49-347.

A seminar course dealing with aspects of Scottish social, economic and political history, including the movement of the Scottish people throughout the world, during the 19th-century. The seminars will be based upon an examination of primary sources as well as secondary literature.

This course will examine the social, economic, demographic, and political history of pre-famine and post-famine Ireland. Topics will include: the famine, the decline of the landed aristocracy, the rise of the peasant farmer, nationalism, and the causes and consequences of massive emigration.

Political events, key personalities, the political process, and state instruments and institutions will be analyzed with a view to understanding historical aspects of the political system and culture in Canada.

A study of the slave south from colonial times to the Civil War, this course will concentrate on the evolution of the plantation system and slave society, the growth of a distinctive south civilization, and the immediate causes of the Civil War.

This course will examine a variety of topics drawn from the 19th- and 20th-centuries.

Starting with the debates over the New Poor Law of l834, this course will examine the changing content of the notion of poverty, and changing methods adopted to treat it. It will also look at the lives of the poor, in so far as these can be reconstructed from contemporary sources.

A study of Scottish social, political and intellectual developments from the Reformation parliament of 1560 to the Restoration of 1660.

This course is designed to train honours students in the techniques of research, interpretation and writing of history. The student will choose a topic for intensive study from a list approved by the department.

A seminar course designed to explore one or more social or political revolutions in the modern era depending on the expertise of the instructor. Students should consult the department for specific offerings.

This course will examine selected topics in the social and economic transformation of rural North America.

A study of the city-building process, with particular emphasis on the growth of the large city and the spread of the urban network.

This course will examine social and intellectual developments in the United States with emphasis placed on the period between the Civil War and World War I. An important area of study will be the nature and consequences of urban development. Stress is laid on the reading of primary sources.

A detailed analysis of selected institutions and aspects of the later Middle Ages, c. 1200-1500. Students should consult the department for specific offerings.

Using fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, and the U.S.S.R. under Stalin as the major example, this seminar course will study the causes and the nature of "totalitarian" regimes in 20th-century Europe. The approach is comparative, and the emphasis will be on internal events.

A continuation of 49-447.