Linda Parker
University Professor Emerita
College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, Psychology
Research Areas
- Neuroscience and Applied Cognitive Sciences
About
Professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Behavioural Neuroscience until 2020
Psychopharmacology, Taste aversion learning, Behavioural Neuroscience, Addiction, Cannabinoids
Our program of research cuts across the traditional boundaries of psychology, pharmacology, and neurobiology to understand processes of learning, emotion, sickness and addiction. The research is leading to a better understanding of basic neural processes involved in the modulation of the pharmacological properties of drugs, with specific applications to controlling nausea and vomiting in humans. We are currently investigating chemicals found naturally in the human body that mimic those in marijuana. These "endogenous cannabinoids," discovered in the 1990s, play a role not only in controlling nausea and vomiting, but also in learning, memory, protection against stroke and cancer, appetite, reward and addiction.
Education
BA, MA California State University, Long Beach
PhD Memorial University of Newfoundland
Research
addiction, animal, behavioral pharmacology, learning and memory, neuroscience of behavior
Publications
RECENT PUBLICATIONS (2009-present)
Books:
Parker LA (in press, to be published 2025) Cannabinoids. Essential Knowledge Series. MIT Press.
Parker, LA, Rock, EM, Mechoulam, R (2022) CBD: What does the science say? MIT Press; Boston.
Parker, LA (2017) Cannabinoids and the Brain. MIT Press: Boston.
Journal Articles:
Lust CAC, Hillyer LM, Pallister M, Wright AJ, Rogers MA, Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Parker LA, Ma, DWL (submitted). The acute tissue distribution of orally consumed cannabinoids is influenced by different carrier oils in male C57BL/6 mice. J Cannabis Res.
Ayoub SA, Rock EM, Limebeer CL, DeVuono MV, Parker LA (2025) Orally administered N-Oleoyl alanine blocks acute opioid withdrawal induced conditioned place preference and attenuates somatic withdrawal following chronic opioid exposure in rats. Psychoactives, in press.
Karin, KN, Mustafa, MA, Poklis, JL, Schlosburg, JE, Parker LA, M. Damaj, I, Lichtman AH (2024) N-Oleoyl Alanine attenuates Nicotine Reward and Spontaneous Nicotine Withdrawal in Mice. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 259: 111276.
Lust CAC, Lin X, Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Parker LA, Ma DWL (2022) Short communication: Tissue distribution of major cannabinoids following intraperitoneal injection in male rats. PLOS One 17 (1).
Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Smoum R, Mechoulam R, Parker LA. (2022) Effect of oleoyl glycine and oleoyl alanine on lithium chloride-induced nausea in rats and vomiting in shrews.Psychopharmacology, 239, 377-382.
DeVuono MV, LaCaprara O, Petrie GN, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Hill MN, Parker LA. (2022) Cannabidiol (CBD)interferes with the establishment of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced nausea via a 5-HT1A mechanism. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 7, 58-64.
Minhas M, Limebeer CL, Strom E, Parker LA, Leri F (2021) High fructose corn syrup alters behavioural and neurobiological responses to oxycodone in rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 2021, 205: 173189 EM,
Limebeer CL, Smoum R, Mechoulam R, Parker LA. (2021) Effect of oleoyl glycine and oleoyl alanine on lithium chloride-induced nausea in rats and vomiting in shrews. Psychopharmacology, Oct 21. doi: 10.1007/s00213-021-06005-4. Online ahead of print.PMID: 34676441
Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Pertwee RG, Mechoulam R, Parker LA (2021) Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol, cannabidiolic acid, and cannabidiolic acid methyl ester as treatments for nausea and vomiting. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Res. 6: 266-274.
Rock EM, Parker LA (2021) Constituents of Cannabis Sativa. Adv Exp Med Biol, 1264: 1-13.
Murillo-Rodriguez E, Milan-Aldaco D, Arankowsky-Sandoval G, Yamamoto T, Pertwee RG, Parker LA, Mechoulam R (2021) Assessing the treatment of cannabidiolic acid methylester: a stable synthetic analogue of cannabidiolic acid on c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus of rats. J Cannabis Res. 3: 31.
Ward SJ, Lichtman AH, Piomelli D, Parker LA (2021) Cannabinoids and cancer chemotherapy adverse effects. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, in press.
Ayoub SM, Piscitelli F, Silvestri C, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Smoum R, Farag M, deAlmeida H, Sullivan MT, Lacroix S, Lichtman AH, Leri F, Mechoulam R, DiMarzo V, Partker LA. (2021) Spontaneous and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal behaviors from chronic opiates are accompanied by changes in N-Oleoylglycine and N-Oleoylalanine levels in the brain and ameliorated by treatment with these mediators. Frontiers in Pharmacology, Sept 15: 12: 706703.
Daniels S, Lemaire D, Lapointe T, Limebeer CL, Parker LA, Leri F (2021) Effects of inescapable stress on responses to social incentive stimuli and modulation by escitalopram. Psychopharmacology, 238: 3239-3247.
Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Sullivan MT, DeVuono MV, Lichtman AH, Di Marzo V, Mechoulam R, Parker LA (2021) N-Oleoylglycine and N-Oleoylalanine do not modify tolerance to nocicieption, hyperthermia, and suppression of activity produced by morphine. Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience, 09 March 2021, 13, 1-6.
DeVuono MV, LaCaprara O, Petrie GN, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Hill MN, Parker LA. (2021) Cannabidiol (CBD) interferes with the establishment of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced nausea via a 5-HT1A mechanism. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, in press.
Ayoub SM, Minhas M, Lapointe T, Parker LA, Leri F. (2020) Effects of high fructose corn syrup on ethanol self-administration in rats. Alcohol, 87: 79-88.
DeVuono MV, LaCaprara O, Sullivan MT, Bath A, Petrie GN, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Hill MN, Parker LA (2020) Role of stress and the endocannabinoid system in D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced nausea. Psychopharmacology, 237: 2187-2199.
Rock EM, Sullivan MT, Collins SA, Goodman H, Limebeer CL, Mechoulam R, Parker LA. (2020) Cannabidiol (CBD) cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and CBDA methyl ester (HU580) maintain their anti-nausea effectiveness with chronic administration by a serotonin 1A receptor mechanism of action. Psychopharmacology, 237: 2621-2631.
Piscitelli, F. Guida F, Luongo L, Iannotti F, Boccella C, Verde R, Lauritano A, Smoum R, Christino L, Lichtman A, Parker LA, Mechoulam R, Maione S, Di Marzo V. (2020) Protective effects of N-oleoylglycine in a mouse model of mild traumatic brain injury. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 11: 1117-1128.
DeVuono MK, Hrjela KM, Petrie GN, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Hill MN, Mutch DM, Hill MN (2020) Nausea-induced conditioned gaping reactions in rats produced by high dose synthetic cannabinoid, JWH-018. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 15, 298-304.
Ayoub SM, Smoum R, Farag, M, Atwal H, Collins SA, Rock EM, Limebeer CL Piscitelli F, Iannotti FA, Lichtman AH, Leri F, Di Marzo V, Mechoulam R, Parker LA. (2020) Oleoyl alanine (HU595): A stable monomethylated oleoyl glycine interferes with naloxone precipitated opiate withdrawal in male rats. Psychopharmacology, 237, 2753-2765.
Murillo-Rodríguez E, Arankowsky-Sandoval G, Pertwee RG, Parker LA, Mechoulam R. (2020)Sleep and neurochemical modulation by cannabidiolic acid methyl ester in.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.12.006
Storace A, Daniels S, Zhou Y, Kalisch B, Parker L, Rock E, Limebeer C, Lapointe T, Leri F (2019). A study of limbic brain derived neurotropic factor gene expression in male Sprague Dawley rats trained on a learned helplessness task. Behav Brain Res. 376: 112174. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112174
Rock EM, Sullivan MT, Pravato S, Pratt M, Limebeer CL, Parker LA (2020) Effect of combined doses of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol or tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiolic acid on acute nausea in Sprague-Dawley rats. Psychopharmacology, 237: 901-913. https://doi.org/10.1007/200213-019-05428-4
DeVuono MV and Parker LA (2020) Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome: A review of potential mechanisms. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 5, 132-144.
Rock EM, Ayoub S, Limebeer CL, Gene, A., Wills KL, DeVuono MV, Smoum R, DiMarzo V, Lichtman AH, Mechoulam R, Parker LA (2019) Acute naloxone precipitated MWD produces nausea-like behaviors in rats in a manner suppressed by N-Oleoylglycine. Psychopharmacology, 237, 375-384.
Petrie GN, Wills KL, Piscitelli, F, Smoum R, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Humphrey A, Sheppard-Perkins M, Lichtman AH, Mechoulam R, DiMarzo V, Parker LA (2019). Oleoyl glycine interferes with acute naloxone-precipitated MWD, but not morphine reward, by a CB1 dependent mechanism in rats. Psychopharmacology, 236, 2623- 2633.
Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Aliasi-Sanai L, Parker LA. (2019) The ventral pallidum as a critical region regulating fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition of nausea-induced conditioned gaping in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Neuropharmacology, 155, 142-149.
Guenther KG, Wideman CE, Rock EM, Limebeer CL and Parker LA (2018) Conditioned gaping produced by delayed, but not immediate exposure to cocaine in rats: A potential measure of cocaine withdrawal. Psychopharmacology, 235, 3315-3327.
Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Sharkey KA and Parker LA (2018). Nausea-induced 5-HT release in the interoceptive insular cortex and regulation by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition and cannabidiol. eNeuro Jul 31;5(4).
DeVuono MV, Hrelja KM, Sabaziotis L, Rajna A, Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Mutch DM and Parker LA (2018). Conditioned gaping produced by high dose D9-tetrahydrocannabinol: Dysregulation of the hypothalamic endocannabinoid system. Neuropharmacology,141, 272-282.
Rock EM, Limebeer CL and Parker LA (2018). Effect of cannabidiolic acid and D9-tetrahydrocannabinol on carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and edema in a rodent model of inflammatory pain. Psychopharmacology, 235, 3259-3271.
Donvito G, Piscitelli F, Muldoon P, Jackson A, Vitale RM, D’Aniello E, Gordano C, Ignatowska-Jankowska BM, Mustafa MA, Guida F, Pertrie GN, Parker LA, Smoum R, Sim-Selley L, Maione S, Lichtman AH, Damaj MI, DiMarzo V, Mechoulam R. (2018) N-Oleoyl-glycine reduces nicotine reward and withdrawal in mice. Neuropharmacology, 148, 320-331.
Kolb B, Li Y, Robinson T, Parker LA (2017) THC alters morphology of neurons in medial prefrontal cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens and alters the ability of later experience to promote structural plasticity. Synapse, in press.
Pertwee, RG, Rock EM, Guenther K, Limebeer CL, Stevenson LA, Haj C, Smoum R, Parker LA, Mechoulam R (2017) Cannabidiolic acid methyl ester, a stable synthetic analogue of cannabidiolic acid, can produce 5HT1A receptor-mediated suppression of nausea and anxiety in rats. British J Pharmacology, 175: 100-112..
DeVuono MV, Wills KL, MacPherson DV, Hrelja KM, Parker LA (2017) Effect of footshock stress on place conditioning produced by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, URB597, in Sprague Dawley rats. Psychopharmacology,234, 3229-3240.
Rock EM, Guillermo MS, Limebeer CL, Petrie G, Angelini R, Piomelli D, Parker LA (2017). Suppression of acute and anticipatory nausea by peripherally restricted FAAH inhibitor in animal models: Role of PPARa and CB1 receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology, 174: 3837-3847.
Wills, K.L., DeVuono, M., Limebeer, C.L., Vemuri, K, Makriyannis, A, Parker, LA. (2017) CB1 receptor antagonism in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis interferes with affective opioid withdrawal in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 131: 304-311.
Rock, E.M., Limebeer, C.L., Petrie, G.N., Williams, L.A., Mechoulam, R., Parker, L.A. (2017) Effect of prior foot shock stress and D9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiolic acid, and cannabidiol on anxiety-like responding in the light-dark emergence test in rats. Psychopharmacology, in press.
Higgins, G.A., Silenieks, L.B., Patrick, A., DeLannoy, I.A.M., Fletcher, P.J., Parker, L.A., MacLusky, N.J., Sullivan, L.C., Chavera, T.A., Berg, K.A. (2017) Studies to examine potential tolerability differences between the 5-HT2C receptor selective agonists lorcaserin and CP-809101. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 17: 1074-1084.
Sticht MA, Rock EM and Parker LA (2015) Endocannabinoid mechanims influencing nausea. In L Parsons and MN Hill (Eds) International Reviews of Neurobiology: Endocannabinoids, 125: 127-162.
Wills, K.L. and Parker, L.A. (2016) Effect of pharmacological modulation of the endocannabinoid system on opiate withdrawal: A review of the preclinical animal literature. Frontiers in Pharmacology, Jun 28;7:187. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00187.
Rock, E.M. and Parker, L.A. (2016) Cannabinoids as treatments for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Frontiers in Pharmacology, Jul 26;7:221. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.0022.
Rock, E.M., Connolly, C., Limebeer, C.L., Parker, L.A. (2016) Effect of combined oral doses of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) on acute and anticipatory nausea in rat models. Psychopharmacology, 233: 3353-60.
Rock, E.M., Limebeer, C.M., Sticht, M.A., Parker, L.A. (2016) Role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of acute and anticipatory nausea. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 1 (1): 113-121.
Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Puvanenthirarajah N, Niphakis MJ, Cravatt BF, Parker LA (2016) Elevation of 2-AG by monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition in the visceral insular cortex interferes with anticipatory nausea in a rat model, Behavioral Neuroscience, 130, 261-66.
Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Boulet N, Mechoulam R, Parker LA (2016) Cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor agonism reduces Lithium chloride-induced vomiting in Suncus murinus and nausea induced conditioned gaping in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 786. 94-99.
Parker LA, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Sticht, MA, Ward J, Turvey G., Benchama O, Rajarshi G, Wood J, Alapafuja SO, Makriyannis A. (2016) A comparison of a novel MAGL and dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitor to suppress acute and anticipatory nausea in rodent models. Psychopharmacology, 233, 265-75.
Sticht MA, Rock EM, Limebeer CL and Parker LA (2015) Endocannabinoid mechanisms influencing nausea. International Reviews of Neurobiology, 125, 127-162.
Parker LA, Rock EM, Sticht MA, Wills KL, Limebeer CL. (2015) Cannabinoid suppress acute and anticipatory nausea in preclinical rat models of conditioned gaping. Clinical and Pharmacological Therapeutics, 97: 559-61.
Wills, KL Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Niphakis MJ, Cravatt BF, Parker LA (2016) Double dissociation of monoacylglyceraol lipase inhibition and CB1 antagonism in the basolateral amygdala, central amygdala and the interoceptive insular cortex on the affective properties of acute naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41: 1865-73.
Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Ward JM, Cohen A, Grove K, Nipakis MJ, Cravatt BF, Parker LA. (2015). Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition interferes with acute nausea by a PPARα mechanism and anticipatory nausea by a CB1 receptor mechanism in a double dissociation. Psychopharmacology, 232:3841-3848.
Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Parker LA (2015).Effect of combined doses of Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) on acute and anticipatory nausea using rat models of conditioned gaping. Psychopharmacology, 232:445-454..
Sticht MA, Limebeer CL, Abdullah RA, Poklis JL, Ho W, Niphakis, MJ, Cravatt BF, Sharkey KA, Lichtman AH, Parker LA (2015) Endocannabinoid regulation of nausea is mediated by 2-arachidonolyglycerol (2-AG) in the rat visceral insular cortex. Neuropharmacology, 102:92-102.
Rock EM, Parker LA (2015) Synergy between cannabidiol, cannabidiolic acid and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in the regulation of emesis in the Suncus murinus (house musk shrew). Behavioral Neuroscience, 129:368-70.
Sticht, MA, Limebeer CL, Rafla BR, Parker LA. (2015) Intra-visceral cortex 2-arachidonoylglycerol, but not N-arachidonoylethanolamide suppresses acute nausea-induced conditioned gaping in rats. Neuroscience. 286: 338-44.
Sticht MA, Leach Z, Wilson, JC, Parker LA. (2014) Second-order conditioning of gaping to flavors and contexts in rats. Learning & Behavior, 286-338-44.,
O’Brien LD, Sticht MA, Mitchnick KA, Limebeer CL, Parker LA, Winters BD. (2014) CB1 receptor antagonism in the granular insular cortex or somatosensory area facilitates consolidation of object recognition memory. Neuroscience Letters, 578: 192-6.
Bruno O, Ricciarelli R, Prickaerts J, Parker LA, Fedele E (2014) PDE4D inhibitors: a potential strategy for the treatment of memory impairment? Neuropharmacology, 85, 290-292.
Rock, EM, Limebeer, CL, Navaratnuam R, Sticht MA, Bonner N, Engeland, K, Downey, R, Morris, H, Parker LA.(2014) A comparison of treatments for anticipatory nausea using a rat model of contextually elicited conditioned gaping. Psychopharmacology, 231, 3207-15.
Wills, K.L. Vemuri, K, Kalmar A, Lee A., Limebeer, C.L. Makriyannis, A., Parker, LA. (2014) CB1 antagonists interfere with the establishment of a one trial naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal induced place aversion. Psychopharmacology, 231:4291–4300.
Rock, EM, Limebeer CL, Parker, LA. (2014) Animal model of anticipatory nausea: with relevance to clinical applications. Experimental Brain Research, 232, 2511-2534.
Parker, LA, Niphakis R, Downey, R, Limebeer, CL. Rock EM, Sticht, MA, Morris, H, Abdullah R, Lichtman A, Cravatt B. (2014) A new MAGL inhibitor, MJN110, reduces acute and anticipatory nausea in rats and vomiting in Suncus murinus.Psychopharmacology, 232, 583-93.
Levy AM, Limebeer CL, Ferdinand J., Shillingford U, Parker LA, Leri F. (2014) A novel lprocedure for evaluating the reinforcing properties of tastants in laboratory rats: Operant intraoral self-administration. Journal of Visualized Experiments, doi: 10:3791/50956
Parker LA (2014) Conditioned taste avoidance versus conditioned gaping: Rat models of nausea-induced behavior. European Journal of Pharmacology, 722, 122-133.
Sharkey KA, Darmani NA, Parker LA (2014) Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system. European Journal of Pharmacology, 722, 134-146.
Mechoulam R, Parker LA (2013) Towards a better cannabis drug. British Journal of Pharmacology, 170, 1363-4.
Sticht, M.A., Rock, E.M., Parker, L.A. (2013). 2-arachidonolylglycerol interferes with lithium-induced vomiting in the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus. Physiology & Behavior, 120, 228-232.
Rock, EM, Parker, LA (2013) Suppression of lithium chloride-induced conditioned gaping (a model of nausea-induced behaviour) in rats with metoclopramide is enhanced by cannabidiolic acid. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 111: 84-89.
O’Brien LD, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Bottegoni G, Piomelli D, Parker LA (2013) Prolonged anandamide availability by anandamide transport inhibition attenuates nausea-induced behaviour in rats, and vomiting in shrews (Suncus murinus). British Journal of Pharmacology, 170, 130-136.
Limebeer CL, Abdullah R, Rock E, Imhof E, Wang K, Lichtman AH, Parker LA (2013) Attenuation of anticipatory nausea in a rat model of contextually-elicited conditioned gaping by enhancement of the endocannabinoid system. Psychopharmacology, 231:603-612.
Rock EM, Kopstick RL, Limebeer CL, Parker LA (2013) Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid reduces nausea-induced conditioned gaping in rats and vomiting in Suncus murinus. British Journal of Pharmacology, 170, 641-648.
Rock EM, Sticht, M, Duncan M, Stott, C, Parker LA (2013) Evaluation of the potential of the phytocannabinoids, cannabidivarin (CBDV) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) to produce CB1 receptor inverse agonism symptoms of nausea in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology, 170, 671-678.
Rock EM, Parker LA (2013) Effect of low doses of cannabidiolic acid and ondansetron on LiCl-induced conditioned gaping (a model of nausea) in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology, 169, 685-92.
Leri F, Nahas E, Henderson K, Limebeer CL, Parker LA, White NM (2013) Effects of post-training heroin and d-amphetamine administration o acquitision of stimulus-response and stimulus-stimulus learning. Behavioral Pharmacology, 27, 292-301.
Bolognini D, Rock EM, Cluny NL, Cascio MG, Limebeer CL, Duncan M, Stott CG, Javid FA, Parker LA, Pertwee RG. (2013) Cannabidiolic acid prevents vomiting in Suncus murinus and nausea-induced behaviour in rats by enhancing 5-HT1A receptor activation. British Journal of Pharmacology, 168, 1456-1470.
Mechoulam R, Parker LA (2013) The endocannabinoid system and the brain. Annual Review of Psychology. 64: 21-47.
O’Brien LD, Wills KL, Segsworth B, Dashney B, Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Parker LA. (2013) Effect of chronic exposure to rimonabant and phytocannabinoids o anxiety-like behaviour and saccharin palatability. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 103, 597-602.
Tuerke, KJ, Limebeer CL, Fletcher PJ, Parker LA (2012) Double dissociation between regulation of conditioned disgust and taste avoidance by serotonin availability at the 5-HT3 receptor in the posterior and anterior insular cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 13709-13717.
Tuerke KJ, Winters BD, Parker LA (2012) Ondansetron interferes with unconditioned lying on belly and acquisition of conditioned gaping induced by LiCl as models of nausea-induced behaviours in rats. Physiology & Behavior, 105, 856-860.
Rock EM, Bolognini D, Limebeer CL, Cascio MG, Anavi-Goffer S, Fletcher PJ, Mechoulam R, Pertwee RG, Parker LA (2012) Cannabidiol, a Nonpsychotropic Component of Cannabis, Attenuates Vomiting and Nausea by Indirectly Activating 5-HT1A somatodendritic receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus. British Journal of Pharmacology, 165, 2620-2634.
Bruno O, Fedele E, Prickaerts J, Parker LA, Canepa E, Brullo C, Cavallero A, Balbi A, Domenicotti C, Bollen E, Erb K, Limebeer CL, Argellati F, Marinair UB, Pronzato MA, Ricciarelli R. (2011) GEBR-7b, a novel PDE4D inhibitor that improves memory at non-emetic doses. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164, 2054-2063.
Sticht MA, Long JZ, Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Mechoulam R, Cravatt BF, Parker LA (2012)The MAGL inhibitor, JZL184, attenuates LiCl-induced vomiting in the Suncus murinus and 2-AG attenuates LiCl-induced nausea-like behaviour in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology, 165, 2425-2435.
Rock EM, Goodwin JM, Limebeer CL, Breuer A, Pertwee RG, Mechoulam R, Parker LA (2011) Interaction between non-psychotropic Cannabinoids in Marihuana: Effect of Cannabigerol (CBG) on the Anti-Nausea or Anti-Emetic Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) in rats and shrews. Psychopharmacology, 215, 505-512.
Parker LA, Rock ER, Limebeer CL (2011) Regulation of vomiting and nausea by cannabinoids. British Journal of Pharmacology, 163, 1411-1422.
McCallum AL, Limebeer CL, Parker LA (2010) Reducing endocannabinoid metabolism with the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, URB597, fails to modify reinstatement of morphine induced conditioned floor preference and naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal induced conditioned floor avoidance. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behav, 96,496-500.
Limebeer CL, Vemuri V, Bedard H, Lang ST, Ossenkopp KP, Makriyannis A, Parker LA (2010) Peripheral inverse agonism of CB1 receptors potentiates LiCl-induced nausea: Evidence from the conditioned gaping model in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology, 161, 336-34
Cluny N, Vemuri V, Chambers,A, Limebeer CL, Bedard H, Wood J, Lutz B, Zimmer A, Parker LA, Makriyannis A, Sharkey K. (2010) A novel, peripherally restricted, cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist AM6545 reduces food intake and body weight, but does not cause malaise, in rodents. British Journal of Pharmacology, 161, 629-42.
Neath KN, Limebeer CL, Reilly S, Parker LA (2010) Increased liking for a solution is not necessary for the attenuation of neophobia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 124, 394-404.
López M, Gasalla P, Vega M, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Tuerke KJ, Bedard H, Parker LA (2010) Latent inhibition of conditioned disgust reactions in rats. Learning & Behavior, 38, 177-186.
Manwell LA, Satvat E, Lang ST, Allen CP, Leri F, Parker LA (2009) Effect of manipulations of the endocannabinoid system on extinction of reward and aversion based learning. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 94, 154-62.
Cross-Mellor S, Foley KA, Parker LA, Ossenkopp KP (2009) Lipopolysaccharide dose dependently impairs rapid toxin (LiCl)-induced gustatory conditioning: A taste reactivity examination of the conditioned taste aversion. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 23, 204-16
Parker LA, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Litt DL, Kwiatkowska M, Piomelli D (2009) The FAAH inhibitor URB-597 interferes with cisplatin- and nicotine- induced vomiting in the Suncus murinus (house musk shrew). Physiology and Behavior, 97, 121-124. .
Tuerke KJ, Leri F, Parker LA (2009) Antidepressant-like effects of paroxetine are produced by lower doses than those which produce nausea. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 93, 190-195.
Limebeer CL, Litt DE, Parker LA (2009) Effect of 5-HT3 antagonists and a 5-HT1A agonist on fluoxetine-induced conditioned gaping reactions in rats. Psychopharmacol, 203,763-70.
Rock EM, Benzaquen J, Limebeer CL, Parker LA (2009) Potential of the rat model of conditioned gaping to detect nausea produced by rolipram, a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 91, 537-541.
Book Chapters:
Rock EM and Parker, LA (2024) The role of anandamide and endocannabinoids in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. LeFoll B. (Ed) Anandamide in health and disease. Elsevier Press.
Rock EM and Parker LA (2024) The role of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Behavioral impacts of cannabinoids, Current topics in Behavioral Neuroscience, Springer press.
Rock EM and Parker, LA. (2020) Constituents of Cannabis. In Murillo-Rodriguez, E, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Monti, J. (Eds) Cannabinoids and Neuro-psychiatric Disorders, Springer Nature.
Rock EM and Parker LA (2015) The role of 5-HT1A receptor and nausea and vomiting relief by cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and cannabigerol (CBG). In Preedy V (Ed) Handbook of Cannabis and Related Pathologies, Elsevier Press.
Parker, L.A. (2014) Conditioned taste aversion learning: relationship to nausea and conditioned disgust. In McSweeney, F. (Ed) Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning, Wiley Press.
Rock EM, Sticht MA, Parker LA (2014) Effect of phytocannabinoids on nausea and vomiting. In: RJ Pertwee (Ed) Handbook of Cannabis, Oxford University Press.
Parker LA, Limebeer CL, Rana SA (2009) Conditioned disgust, but not conditioned taste avoidance, may reflect conditioned nausea in rats. In Reilly, S and Schachtman, T.R. (Eds) Conditioned Taste Aversions: Behavioral and Neural Processes. Oxford University Press: N..Y
Parker LA, Limebeer CL (2009) Cannabinoids in the management of nausea and vomiting. In: Kofalvi, A. (Ed) Cannabinoids and the brain. Springer-Verlag Press: NY.
Invited Presentations:
Parker LA (2023) Raphael Mechoulam; The father of cannabis research. Japan Clinical Association for Cannabinoids, Japan (virtual) Nov 19.
Parker LA (2023) Remembering Raphael Mechoulam, “The Father of Cannabis Research”. Brazilian Neuroscience Society, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, August 27-30.
Parker LA (2023) Nearly a quarter century collaborating with Raphi. International Cannabnoid Research Society, Toronto, Ontario, June 28.
Parker LA (2022) The role of cannabinoids, endocannabinoids and other fatty acid amides in the regulation and potential treatment of nausea and vomiting. Keynote Lecture: The Mechoulam Lecture. Cannabis Research Conference, Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University, Pueblo, Colorado, August 10, 2022.
Parker LA (2022) Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome and preclinical probe of mechanisms. Cannabinoids in Clinical Practice, Toronto Ontario, April 21, 2022.
Parker LA (2020) CBD acid (CBDA) and CBDA methyl ester: Highly effective treatments for nausea and vomiting using preclinical animal models. National Institutes of Cancer/National Institutes of Health USA, Cannabis and Cancer Workshop, December 16, 2020, WebEx format.
Parker LA (2020) OlGly and OlAla interfere with withdrawal from opiates in rats. Raphael Mechoulam 90th Birthday Symposium, Hebrew University of Jeursalem, November 5, 2020, WebEx format.
Parker LA (2019) Oleoyl glycine interferes with affective and somatic acute naloxone precipitated MWD, but not morphine reward, in rats. Oral presentation at the International Cannabinoid Research Society Meetings, Bethesda MD, July 3, 2019.
Parker LA (2018) Keynote. Cannabinoids and the brain. Cannabis Symposium of the Canadian Society for Horticulture Science, Niagara Falls, Oct 5.
Parker LA (2018) Keynote. Cannabinoid regulation of nausea in rats: Evidence based upon the conditioned gaping measure in the taste reactivity test. Nick Mackintosh memorial lecture for 2018, Associative Learning Symposium, Gregynog, Wales, March 27-29.
Parker LA (2018) Cannabinoid/serotonin interactions in the regulation of nausea. McMaster DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Conference, Hamilton, ON, Feb 9-10
Parker LA (2017) Keynote. Cannabinoid/serotonin interactions in the regulation of nausea. Lifetime Achievement Award Address, International Cannabinoid Research Society, Montreal, June 2017.
Parker LA (2017) THC, CBD, CBDA and THCA: Effects on nausea, vomiting and anxiety. Invited presentation to Tilray, a licenced provider of medical cannabis, Nanaimo, BC, November 2017.
Parker LA (2015) Endocannabinoid regulation of nausea is mediated by 2-arachidonolyglycerol (2-AG) in the rat visceral insular cortex. Pavlovian Society Meetings, Portland Oregon, Sept 17-19, 2015.
Parker LA (2014) The effect of phytocannabinoids and manipulations of the endocannabinoid system on nausea and vomiting. International Pharmaceutical Academy meeting on “Marihuana for Medical Purposes” May 8-9, Toronto
Parker LA (2013) The role of serotonin and endocannabinoid systems in the regulation of nausea; Assessment by taste reactivity methodology in rats. NIH funded conference on Biology of Nausea and Vomiting. University of Pittsburgh, Cancer Research Center, October 2013.
Parker LA (2012) Conditioned disgust: Regulation by serotonin and cannabinoids in the visceral insular cortex. The Evolution of Disgust: Form oral to moral: Insights from and for emotion theory, morality, intergroup relations and psychopathology. Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZIF) Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany, January 2012.
Parker LA (2011) Cannabinoids and regulation of nausea and vomiting. Accredited (UC San Francisco) Cannabinoid Education Symposium at International Cannabinoid Research Society Meeting, Chicago, July 2011.
Parker LA (2011) GW-OTSUKA Research Collaboration Scientific Review Meeting, London, England, March 15.
Parker LA (2011) The role of cannabinoids in the regulation of nausea and vomiting. Research Conference on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine, Institute of Advanced Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Israel Science Foundation, Jerusalem, Israel, Oct 31-Nov 4.