For my thesis research on wildlife rehabilitation and coexistence, I had the opportunity to explore how the feral urban pigeons of Toronto live in a city divided on their right to exist. I studied how they navigate human acts of inclusion and exclusion, such as being provided with food and shelter or being restricted with nets and spikes. In this photo, a defiant pigeon looks out from the nest they are building inside the architecture meant to displace them. 

The camera is pointed upwards to view a pigeon looking down at the photographer from behind a row of anti-bird plastic spikes on a lamp box.