Biochemistry reference intervals

 

Unit

Canine

Feline

Bovine

Equine

Porcine

Sheep

Dairy goat

Ferret

Calcium

mmol/L

2.50-3.00

2.22-2.78

2.10-2.80

2.75-3.35

1.80-2.90

2.43-2.91

1.80-2.80

1.85-2.42

Phosphorus

mmol/L

0.90-1.85

0.80-2.29

1.47-2.63

0.73-1.71

1.6-3.4

1.1-2.54

1.28-2.85

1.12-2.56

Magnesium

mmol/L

0.70-1.00

0.80-1.10

0.82-1.30

0.6-1.00

0.8-1.6

0.89-1.28

0.80-1.30

0.8-1.39

Sodium

mmol/L

140-154

147-157

132-145

136-144

140-150

143-153

137-151

147-159

Potassium

mmol/L

3.8-5.4

3.6-5.2

3.9-5.6

3.1-4.3

4.7-7.1

4.0-5.5

3.8-5.5

3.7-5.7

Na/K ratio

-

29-37

30-41

28-36

33-44

-

-

24-38

-

Chloride

mmol/L

104-119

114-123

90-113

95-104

99-105

102-113

96-112

111-129

Carbon dioxide

mmol/L

15-25

14-21

17-26

25-36

-

-

-

17-29

Anion gap

mmol/L

13-24

15-26

13-22

6-21

-

-

-

6-23

Serum protein

g/L

55-74

60-82

66-86

58-75

61-81

65-90

62-85

51-75

Albumin

g/L

29-43

30-44

30-42

30-37

27-39

29-47

28-43

24-40

Globulins

g/L

21-42

23-42

30-53

26-41

34-43

26-52

27-49

19-41

A/G ratio

-

0.7-1.8

0.7-1.4

0.6-1.3

0.8-1.3

0.5-1.2

-

0.6-1.3

0.53-1.67

Urea

mmol/L

3.5-9.0

6.0-12.0

3.0-8.0

4.2-8.9

3.0-8.5

3.4-12.0

4.1-13.4

4.5-15.3

Creatinine

µmol/L

20-150

50-190

34-88

80-130

90-240

28-100

21-62

8-67

Glucose

mmol/L

3.3-7.3

4.4-7.7

2.5-4.3

3.7-6.7

3.6-5.3

2.6-4.4

2.1-3.7

-

Cholesterol

mmol/L

3.60-10.20

2.00-12.00

1.73-7.73

1.70-2.70

2.0-5.0

1.13-2.57

1.0-5.0

2.94-8.94

Total bilirubin

µmol/L

0-4

0-4

0-5

21-57

0-8

0-2

-

0-7

Conj bilirubin

µmol/L

0-1

0-1

0-2

2-10

0-4

0-1

-

0-5

Free bilirubin

µmol/L

0-3

0-3

0-3

18-52

0-4

0-1

-

0-2

Alk phosphatase

U/L

22-143

12-60

25-127

119-329

0-500

0-247

0-378

13-237

  - steroid (SAP)

U/L

0-84

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gamma GT

U/L

0-7

0-6

11-51

7-54

10-400

24-79

25-89

0-40

GLDH

U/L

-

-

3-45

1-7

-

0-25

0-56

-

ALT

U/L

19-107

31-105

-

-

-

-

-

39-196

AST

U/L

-

-

44-153

259-595

-

64-158

20-160

-

CK

U/L

40-255

94-449

44-211

108-430

0-800

23-313

44-244

74-294

ßHBA

µmol/L

<200

58-200

324-1296

-

-

185-605

182-666

-

NEFA

mEq/L

-

0.1-0.2

0.1-0.37

-

-

0-0.3

0-0.4

-

Haptoglobin

g/L

-

-

0.0-0.5

0.1-1.7

-

0.0-0.8

0-0.37

-

Amylase

U/L

299-947

482-1145

-

-

-

-

-

7-42

Lipase

U/L

25-353

12-32

-

-

-

-

-

-

Calculated Osmolality

mmol/L

276-306

296-315

265-295

269-287

280-320

-

-

-

Serum amyloid A

mg/L

-

-

-

0-20

-

-

-

-

Serum protein

electrophoresis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Albumin

g/L

31-37

34-44

37-45

27-37

-

-

-

 

Globulins

g/L

23-34

22-46

27-36

21-32

-

-

-

 

A/G ratio

 

0.95-1.41

0.83-1.91

1.12-1.59

0.95-1.69

-

-

-

 

  Globulins:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alpha 1

g/L

5-8

1-7

2-3

1-2

-

-

-

 

Alpha 2

g/L

5-8

2-11

2-4

6-8

-

-

-

 

Beta 1

g/L

5-11

2-10

3-5

3-8

-

-

-

 

Beta 2

g/L

3-7

2-8

5-7

2-9

-

-

-

 

Gamma

g/L

3-18

6-26

11-18

5-13

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fibrinogen

g/L

0.8-3.0

0.81-2.17

2.08-3.45

1.29-2.59

-

1.4-2.4

-

 

PT

s

7.0-9.8

9.8-13.1

18.4-23.1

10.9-13.6

-

-

-

 

PTT

s

10.8-14.7

10.4-15.5

22.8-35.8

37.0-54.5

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Iron

µmol/L

23-38

11-27

14-37

20-45

-

-

-

 

TIBC

µmol/L

60-81

44-80

48-80

55-91

-

-

-

 

% Saturation

%

30-63

16-41

-

29-59

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Triglycerides

mmol/L

0.2-1.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Bile acids

µmol/L

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

- fasting

µmol/L

0-6

0-3

-

-

-

-

-

 

- 2 h post prand

µmol/L

0-20

0-7

11-60

0-6

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Phenobarbital

µmol/L

70-170

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Potassium bromide

mmol/L

10-20

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Thyroxine (T4)

nmol/L

13-50

13-55

-

13-40

-

-

-

 

cTSH

ng/mL

0.05-0.70

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

fT4

pmol/L

8-32

18-52

-

15-23

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cortisol

nmol/L

30-300

30-390

30-220

50-180

-

-

-

 

ACTH

pmol/L

7-40

-

-

2-10

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fructosamine

μmol/L

170-338

219-347

-

-

-

-

-

 

Insulin

pmol/L

43-251

<300

-

<300

-

-

-

 

 

Details pertinent to reference interval determination can be provided by the AHL Clinical Pathology Technical Supervisor.

 

Biochemistry reference intervals (RIs), cobas 6000 c501

Canine: n = 86, clinically healthy, fasted adult dogs of various.

Feline: n = 40, clinically healthy, fasted adult cats of various breeds.

Bovine: n = 60, clinically healthy cows, 50% first lactation, all 30-150 d in milk, from 10 Ontario dairy farms.

Bovine metabolic profiles: See AHL LabNote 4, Nutritional and metabolic profile testing of dairy cows, updated March 2015.

Equine: n = 102, clinically healthy, mature horses of various breeds. Serum amyloid A reference intervals were determined from 50 clinically healthy horses from 25 farms. Serum iron determined from 49 clinically healthy horses.

Porcine: n = 40, clinically healthy, mature sows.

Ovine: n = 47, clinically healthy sheep, various ages.

Caprine: n = 37, clinically healthy dairy goats representing Alpine, Toggenberg, Saanen, and Nubian breeds.

Ferrets: n = 69, clinically healthy ferrets, various ages.

Coagulation

Canine: n = 22, feline n = 51, equine n = 52, bovine n = 28 clinically healthy adult animals of various breeds.

ACTH

Equine: n = 44 clinically healthy adult horses of various breeds, results compared to those of Michigan State University and Cornell diagnostic laboratories, sites using the same methodology.

Canine: n = 11 clinically healthy adult dogs of various breeds, results compared to those of Michigan State University and Cornell diagnostic laboratories, sites using the same methodology.

Free T4

fT4 by equilibrium dialysis, reference intervals data generated at the AHL, canine reference interval determined in consultation with the OFA.

Insulin

Equine: n = 39 clinically healthy fasted (no grain) adult horses of various breeds, results compared to those of Michigan State University and Cornell diagnostic laboratories, sites using the same methodology.

Canine: n = 33 fasted samples from clinically healthy adult dogs of various breeds, results compared to those of Michigan State University and Cornell diagnostic laboratories, sites using the same methodology.

Feline: n = 42 fasted samples from clinically healthy adult cats of various breeds, results compared to those of Michigan State University and Cornell diagnostic laboratories, sites using the same methodology.       

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