Respiratory disease
A. History
- Provide information on herd/flock size, numbers of animals affected, animal age, onset/duration of problem, vaccination history, and any treatments administered.
B. Submitting samples
- Select histology samples from several areas of affected and unaffected lung, including the junction between affected and unaffected lobules, if possible.
- Please request specific tests, and submit separate tissue samples, in separate labeled Whirl-Pak bags, for each lab section.
C. Samples required
Swine pneumonia
Histology: Formalin-fixed sections of SEVERAL pieces of lung from cranial and caudal lobes, including borders of affected and unaffected areas, trachea, bronchial lymph node.
• Immunohistochemistry is available on formalin-fixed tissues for PRRSV, PCV-2, influenza A virus.
Bacteriology: Affected areas of lung, pleural fluid/swab – routine culture.
• Atrophic rhinitis - submission of nasal swabs from several pigs is necessary. Consult laboratory for numbers and to obtain swabs (provided for a fee) for testing.
Mycoplasmology:
• M. hyopneumoniae PCR and molecular typing: lung, oral fluids. Note M. hyopneumoniae cannot be cultured.
• M. hyorhinis PCR: lung. Mycoplasma culture.
Virology:
Serology:
• Serum samples from animals of various age groups for PRRSV, influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2), M. hyopneumoniae, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Consult lab for submission details - e.g., the number of samples to be submitted, age of animals to be sampled.
• PCR: Influenza A, PRRSV, PCV-2,3: lung, tonsil, nasal swabs in virus transport medium.
• ELISA: PRRSV, M. hyopneumoniae, PRCV (antigenically distinguishable from TGEV)
• HI: paired sera for Influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2)
• Herd screening: APP serology is only useful on a herd basis. Please phone the laboratory before submitting large numbers of sera.
Bovine pneumonia
Histology: Formalin-fixed sections of SEVERAL pieces of lung from cranial and caudal lobes, including borders of affected and unaffected areas, trachea, bronchial lymph nodes.
• Immunohistochemistry is available on formalin-fixed tissues for BVDV, BCV, BoHV-1 (IBRV), BRSV.
Bacteriology: Affected areas of lung, pleural fluid/swab, tracheobronchial aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid – routine culture.
Mycoplasmology:
• Mycoplasma bovis PCR and/or culture: lung from the borders of pneumonic areas. Deliver or freeze immediately.
Virology:
• PCR for BVDV, BoHV-1/IBRV, BRSV, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza 3 virus: lung, trachea, nasal swabs.
Note: BoHV-1 (IBRV), BRSV, and PI3 are included in the bovine respiratory panel PCR (brvp3).
Serology: BoHV-1 (IBRV), BPIV-3, BRSV, bovine coronavirus (BCV), BVDV 1 and 2, and bovine adenovirus (BAdV): submit paired sera from affected animal and/or survivors/herdmates.
Parasitology: Feces for Baermann for lungworm larvae.
Sheep/goat pneumonia
Histology: Formalin-fixed sections of SEVERAL pieces of lung from cranial and caudal lobes, including borders of affected and unaffected areas, trachea, bronchial lymph node.
• Immunohistochemistry is available for small ruminant lentiviruses CAEV, MVV.
Bacteriology: Affected areas of lung, pleural fluid/swab – routine culture.
Mycoplasmology: Frozen or fresh lung for Mycoplasma culture.
Virology: BoHV-1, BRSV, BPIV-3 (Bovine respiratory PCR panel).
Serology: OPP, CAEV serology.
Parasitology: Feces for regular flotation, and for Baermann for larvae of lungworm.
Equine pneumonia
Histology: Formalin-fixed sections of SEVERAL pieces of lung from cranial and caudal lobes, including borders of affected and unaffected areas, trachea, bronchial lymph node.
• Immunohistochemistry is available for EHV-1.
Bacteriology: Affected areas of lung, pleural fluid/swab, tracheobronchial aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Mycoplasmology: Frozen or fresh lung, pleural fluid for culture.
Virology:
• PCR for EHV-1, influenza A: lung, bronchial lymph nodes, nasal/pharyngeal swabs.
Serology: Paired sera for EHV-1, EHV-2, equine rhinitis A/B viruses, influenza A virus.
Dog/cat pneumonia
Histology: Formalin-fixed sections of SEVERAL pieces of lung from cranial and caudal lobes, including borders of affected and unaffected areas, trachea, bronchial lymph node, heart, liver, kidney, spleen.
• Immunohistochemistry is available on formalin-fixed tissues for canine distemper virus (CDV), feline coronavirus (FIP), feline herpesvirus, influenza A virus.
Bacteriology: Affected areas of lung, pleural fluid/swab, tracheobronchial aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Virology:
• Canid herpesvirus I (CaHV-1), canine adenovirus 2 (CAdV-2), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) triplex PCR (chappcr).
• Feline calicivirus, felid herpesvirus PCR panel (fcfhpcr).
• Canine distemper virus (CDV) PCR: lung, retropharyngeal/bronchial lymph nodes, kidney, bladder, brain, tonsillar or conjunctival scrapings.
• Influenza A virus PCR: lung, tonsillar or conjunctival scrapings.
Serology: Paired serology for influenza A virus, canine adenovirus (CAdV), CIPV, CPIV (canine parainfluenza virus) CaHV