Jeffrey Spence

Education

• PhD, University of Waterloo, 2010.
• MASc., University of Waterloo, 2006.

Publications

Performance Appraisals:

Borba, D. & Spence, J. R. (2025). Isolating the Effect Rater Experience as a Time-Variant Predictor of Performance Ratings. Human Resource Management Journal, 35, 229-255.

Borba, D. & Spence, J. R. (2024). Examining the assumption of measurement invariance in job performance ratings across time: The role of rater experience. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 32, 69-90.

Spence, J. R. & Baratta, P. L. (2015). Performance appraisal and development, In Kurt Kraiger, Jonathan Passmore, & Nuno Rebelo dos Santos (Eds.), Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Training, Professional, Development and E-Learning (pp. 439-461). Oxford, UK: Wiley and Sons.

Spence, J. R., & Keeping, L. M. (2013). The road to performance ratings is paved with intentions: A framework for understanding managers’ intentions when rating employee performance. Organizational Psychology Review, 3, 360-383.

MacDonald, H. A., Brown, D. J., Spence, J. R., & Sulsky, L. M. (2013). Cross-cultural differences in the motivation to seek performance feedback: A comparative policy-capturing study. Human Performance, 26, 211-235.

Spence, J. R., & Keeping, L. M. (2011). Conscious Rating Distortion in Performance Appraisal: A Review, Commentary, and Proposed Framework for Research. Human Resource Management Review, 21, 85-95.

Spence, J. R., & Keeping, L. M. (2010). The impact of non-performance information on ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 587-608.

Intraindividual Processes and Job Performance:

Contini, M. & Spence, J. R. (2023). And the award goes to…the Matthew Effect: Examining external status as a predictor of productivity and opportunity. PLOS ONE, e0290954.

Luta, D., Powell, D. M. & Spence, J. R. (2019). Entrained engagement? Investigating if work engagement followers a predictable pattern across the work week and the role of personality in shaping its pattern. Research on Emotions in Organizations, 15, 89-109.

Baratta, P. L. & Spence, J. R. (2018). Capturing the noonday demon: Development and validation of the State Boredom Inventory. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 27, 477-492.

Spence, J. R., Brown, D. J., Keeping, L. M., & Lian, H. (2014). Helpful today, but not tomorrow? Feeling grateful as a predictor of daily organizational citizenship behaviors. Personnel Psychology, 67, 705-738.

Ferris, D. L., Spence, J. R., Brown, D. J., & Heller, D. (2012). Interpersonal injustice and workplace deviance: An esteem threat perspective. Journal of Management, 38, 1788-1811.

Spence, J. R., Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., & Heller, D. (2011). Understanding daily organizational citizenship behaviors: A social comparison perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 547-571.

Measurement and Statistics:

Stanley, D. J., & Spence, J. R. (2024). The Comedy of Measurement Errors: Standard Error of Measurement and Standard Error of Estimation. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 7(4), 25152459241285885.

Cassidy, S. A., Dimova, R., Giguere, B., Spence, J. R., & Stanley, D. J. (2019). Failing grade: 89% of introduction-to-psychology textbooks that define or explain statistical significance do so incorrectly. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2, 233-239.

Spence, J. R., & Stanley, D. J. (2018). Concise, simple, and not wrong: In search of a short-hand interpretation of statistical significance. Frontiers in Psychology, 9: 2185.

Stanley, D. J., & Spence, J. R. (2018). Reproducible tables in psychology using the apaTables package. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1, 415-431.

Expectations Trilogy

Spence, J. R. & Stanley, D. J. (2024). Tempered expectations: A tutorial for calculating and interpreting prediction intervals in the context of replications. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 7, 1-13.

Spence, J. R., & Stanley, D. J. (2016). Prediction interval: What to expect when you’re expecting…a replication. PLOS ONE, 11(9): e0162874.

Stanley, D. J., & Spence, J. R. (2014). Expectations for replications: Are yours realistic. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 9, 305-318.